Until recently, optimal filter theory has not explicitly included several limitations imposed by the physical nature of spatial light modulators and detectors. We review recent theory that includes colored input noise; finite magnitude and finite contrast ratio of a spatial light modulator; single-drive spatial modulators that couple their effect between amplitude and phase, or are limited to real values; and electronic noise in correlation detection. We set up a signal to noise metric to optimize, and we use several approaches to its optimization. One is the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, another is differential calculus (variational calculus and partial differential equations), and the third is a relaxation similar to annealing.
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