Optical-path networks based on wavelength-selective switches (WSSs) can cost-effectively process wavelength-divisionmultiplexed (WDM) signals. To deal with the continuously increasing network traffic, the spectral efficiency must be improved by minimizing guardband bandwidths. Quasi-Nyquist WDM systems are seen as offering the highest spectral efficiency. However, such highly dense WDM systems suffer from signal-spectrum narrowing induced by the nonrectangular passbands of WSSs. Furthermore, widely deployed WSSs cannot process quasi-Nyquist WDM signals since the signal-alignment granularity does not match the passband resolution of the WSSs. In this paper, we propose a network architecture that enables quasi-Nyquist WDM networking. First, multiple channels are bundled so that the total channel bandwidth matches the WSS-passband resolution. Second, the number of spectrum-narrowing events of each path is limited by our restriction-aware algorithm. These proposals allow a 100-GHz bandwidth to accommodate three 100-Gbps DP-QPSK signals aligned with 33.3-GHz spacing and a 200-GHz bandwidth to accommodate three 400-Gbps dual-carrier DP-16QAM signals aligned with 66.6-GHz spacing. Intensive network analyses confirm that the spectral efficiency is improved by up to 46.4%. Feasibility is verified by transmission experiments using 69-channel 400-Gbps dual-carrier DP-16QAM signals aligned with 66.6-GHz spacing in the extended C-band. The fiber capacity of 27.6 Tbps and the transmission distance of 800 km are attained by our proposed quasi-Nyquist WDM networking.
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