Non-linear frequency tuning of long-wavelength VCSELs: phenomenological description

A. Lytkine; W. Jäger; J. Tulip

doi:10.1117/12.663168

21 April 2006 Non-linear frequency tuning of long-wavelength VCSELs: phenomenological description

A. Lytkine, W. Jäger, J. Tulip

Proceedings Volume 6185, Micro-Optics, VCSELs, and Photonic Interconnects II: Fabrication, Packaging, and Integration; 61851A (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663168
Event: SPIE Photonics Europe, 2006, Strasbourg, France

Abstract

We have approximated with second-order polynomials the frequency tuning curves of long-wavelength single-mode VCSELs operating near 1654 and 1512 nm. Fitting coefficients were calculated using experimental data on injection currents and heat sink temperatures required to tune lasers to frequency markers generated by gas absorption lines. To measure temperature tuning rates, we tuned the lasers by temperature sequentially to pairs of absorption lines with known frequency separations. To determine fitting coefficients associated with linear and non-linear frequency tuning, we varied the laser injection currents and temperatures simultaneously in such a way that made a laser emit exactly the same frequency. Linear and non-linear tuning coefficients were then calculated from the data on effects of relatively small and large variation of laser operation parameters on laser frequency. Lasers were calibrated by tuning them on narrow absorption lines with frequencies accurately known from previous studies. The simulated tuning curves were demonstrated to fit frequency markers generated over spectral intervals up to 40 cm^-1 with an accuracy of ± 0.10 cm^-1(1654-nm laser) and ± 0.15 cm^-1 (1512-nm laser). A temperature dependence of injection current tuning rates of the 1654-nm laser was determined from the best fits of simulated tuning curves to a series of CO₂ absorption lines in the whole operation temperature range of the laser (0 - 50 °C). A simple and accurate method developed to describe tuning properties of long-wavelength VCSELs can be applied to quantitatively characterize any narrow-linewidth tunable laser.

Citation Download Citation

A. Lytkine, W. Jäger, and J. Tulip "Non-linear frequency tuning of long-wavelength VCSELs: phenomenological description", Proc. SPIE 6185, Micro-Optics, VCSELs, and Photonic Interconnects II: Fabrication, Packaging, and Integration, 61851A (21 April 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663168

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KEYWORDS

Absorption

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Fabry–Perot interferometers

Carbon monoxide

Temperature metrology

Laser marking

Calibration

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