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Fire safety is an important issue for the national economy and people's living. Efficiency and exactness of fire department
succor directly relate to safety of peoples' lives and property. Many disadvantages of the traditional fire system
have been emerged in practical applications. The preparation of pumpers is guided by wireless communication or wire
communication, so its real-time and accurate performances are much poorer. The information about the reported fire,
such as the position, disaster and map, et al., for alarm and command was processed by persons, which slows the reaction
speed and delays the combat opportunity. In order to solve these disadvantages, it has an important role to construct a
modern fire command center based on high technology. The construction of modern fire command center can realize the
modernization and automation of fire command and management. It will play a great role in protecting safety of peoples'
lives and property. The center can enhance battle ability and can reduce the direct and indirect loss of fire damage at
most.
With the development of science technology, Geographic Information System (GIS) has becoming a new information
industry for hardware production, software development, data collection, space analysis and counseling. With the popularization
of computers and the development of GIS, GIS has gained increasing broad applications for its strong functionality.
Network analysis is one of the most important functions of GIS, and the most elementary and pivotal issue of
network analysis is the calculation of shortest paths. The shortest paths are mostly applied to some emergent systems
such as 119 fire alarms. These systems mainly require that the computation time of the optimal path should be 1-3 seconds.
And during traveling, the next running path of the vehicles should be calculated in time. So the implement of the
shortest paths must have a high efficiency.
In this paper, the component GIS technology was applied to collect and record the data information (such as, the situation
of this disaster, map and road status et al) of the reported fire firstly. The ant colony optimization was used to calculate
the shortest path of fire succor secondly. The optimization results were sent to the pumpers, which can let pumpers
choose the shortest paths intelligently and come to fire position with least time.
The programming method for shortest paths is proposed in section 3. There are three parts in this section. The elementary
framework of the proposed programming method is presented in part one. The systematic framework of GIS component
is described in part two. The ant colony optimization employed is presented in part three. In section 4, a simple application
instance was presented to demonstrate the proposed programming method. There are three parts in this section. The
distributed Web application based on component GIS was described in part one. The optimization results without traffic
constraint were presented in part two. The optimization results with traffic constraint were presented in part three.
The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows. (1) It proposed an effective approach for shortest paths in
fire succor based on component GIS technology. This proposed approach can achieve the real-time decisions of shortest
paths for fire succor. (2) It applied the ant colony optimization to implement the shortest path decision. The traffic information
was considered in the shortest path decision using ant colony optimization. The final application instance suggests
that the proposed approach is feasible, correct and valid.
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