Computational imaging relies on the joint design of optics and digital processing for producing the final digital image our output. Because the intermediate optical image need preserve the relevant visual information yet not necessarily "look good," a wider range of optical designs can be employed, including designs that eschew traditional optical elements such as lenses and curved mirrors. There are three primary approaches to such lensless imaging, based on 1) diffraction by special optical gratings, 2) in-line digital holography and computational phase recovery, and 3) compressive sensing using sets of pseudo-random masks. Each technique has relative strengths and weaknesses in computational burden, image accuracy, and are appropriate for different target applications.
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