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The retina is composed of several transparent layers of neuronal and glial cells active during the vision process. Several studies showed that their structure and density is impacted by numerous eye diseases even at early stages. Understanding their role and decline during diseases has therefore become an important research field. The widespread method to observe the retina ex-vivo at a cellular level is fluorescent confocal microscopy. This technique requires cumbersome staining protocols to prepare the retina samples before observing them. Moreover, due to the selectivity of the staining process, only specific and targeted features can be observed at a time, making the intricate network of cells more difficult to understand. The classical unlabeled phase contrast imaging methods such as differential interference contrast (DIC) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM) are not well suited for whole retina samples as they usually require a transmission configuration or are limited to one or two cell layers.
Here we present phase image comparisons of healthy and diseased ex-vivo retinas obtained using oblique phase imaging (OPI). OPI was previously developed for a transmission configuration and here we apply it to a reflection configuration on thick samples. We show that OPI is able to obtain quantitative phase images that matches images obtained by DHM. This technique enables the observation of whole retina samples still attached to the choroid without the need of any preparation. The different cellular layers are clearly visible and the effect of diseases evident. We will also show preliminary results of phase images obtained in-vivo. We believe that using OPI to visualize retina samples will greatly facilitate and accelerate the understanding of this complex tissue in the future.
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