In this study, we aimed to classify lung cancers in chest CT images into adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and to visualize grounds used in the classification process by CNN. Although CNN is a powerful tool for classifying types of lung cancers, it does not provide grounds for decision explicitly, and there is a possibility that doctors and patients may not be satisfied with the decision by CNN. First, we developed a CNN based classifier to classify lung tumors into AD and SQ. The recognition rate of the proposed method was 69.9 ± 3.8%. Furthermore, the grounds of the classification by CNN was visualized by using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM)[1].
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