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With the rapid development of modern agriculture, LEDs as artificial light sources are playing an increasingly important role in modern agriculture. However, the uneven lighting of LEDs will cause the uneven quality of agricultural products. For requirements of plant light source on highly uniform illumination distribution, we put up an improved Pigeon- Inspired Optimization algorithm to design uniform light of the LED array. Using this method, we designed four different shapes of LED arrays. Through optimizations on MATLAB and simulation analysis on optical software TracePro, we obtained the illumination uniformity of 91.03%, 91.64%, and 92.89% for hexagonal, circular, and rectangular LED arrays, respectively, and the illumination uniformity of freely arranged LED array is up to 93.64%. The results show that LED arrays with near-optimal illumination uniformity on the target plane were obtained by this method. In addition, based on these LED arrays obtained, we investigated the relationship between the uniformity of the target plane and the vertical distance of the LED array. It is concluded that as the vertical distance increases, the illumination uniformity of the target plane increases, but the average illumination value decreases. The improved algorithm proposed in this paper lay a solid foundation for the uniform lighting design of LEDs.
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