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Real-time segment phasing is non-trivial in giant segmented mirror telescopes, as slope-based wavefront sensing methods are blind to segment piston if the gaps between segments are sufficiently large. In the GMT, this is certainly the case, and many solutions have been proposed which require additional wavefront sensing hardware and added optomechanical complexity. We propose a novel sequential phase-diversity method which requires only a time-sequence of closed-loop tip-tilt wavefront sensor images.
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Jesse Cranney, François Rigaut, Robert Sharp, Marcos A. van Dam, Ryan McCloy, José De Doná, "Segment phasing for giant telescopes using moving horizon estimation," Proc. SPIE 12185, Adaptive Optics Systems VIII, 121855A (29 August 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629712