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The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a key interface of energy exchange between the surface and atmosphere, however, current spaceborne sensors are not optimized to measure in this region. There is significantly more PBL temperature and humidity information content in the microwave spectrum that current satellite instruments resolve. The photonic spectro-radiometer developed under NASA ESTO ACT-20 program capable of fully resolving the microwave spectrum to return all PBL information in the microwave spectrum. A novel photonic integrated circuit is designed having integrated a modulator for up-conversion of signals into optics domain, an arrayed waveguide grating and star couplers with filters.
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Mehmet Ogut, Sidharth Misra, Shannon Brown, Siamak Forouhar, Janusz Murakowski, Michael Gehl, "Ultra-wideband photonic spectrometer for PBL sensing," Proc. SPIE 12232, Earth Observing Systems XXVII, 1223207 (3 October 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632853