Motor execution, observation, and imagery are basic skills that are often used in motor learning and rehabilitation. Although unimodal neuroimaging studies had suggested potential neural mechanisms underlying action execution, observation, and imagination, the results are inconsistent. Using a multimodal approach (i.e., simultaneous recording of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalogram (EEG)), we confirmed consistent activation over the left inferior parietal lobe, superior marginal gyrus, and post-central gyrus during all three conditions. Our multimodal findings suggested concise regions associated with the action observation system and provides new insights into interpreting unimodal findings.
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