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Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is an alternative approach for tumor removal in breast tumor patients. This procedure requires confirmation of the tumor margin. In this study, a high-resolution cone-beam X-ray computed tomography (CBCT) was designed and evaluated for the application of breast tumor margin delineation. The imaging system was validated with a CBCT image quality phantom for spatial resolution and contrast. In addition, a breast phantom containing multiple pathological features was investigated. Finally, a breast tumor specimen was examined on the high-resolution CBCT. The results showed that the imaging system could provide a decent spatial resolution and great contrast. The pathological features of the breast phantom were clearly visible. The margin of the excised breast specimen was well defined by the system. Overall, the high-resolution CBCT provides a promising result for the clinical application.
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