Pyramidal neurons are one of the most important types of neurons in the cerebral cortex, which play a key role in many cognitive and behavioral functions. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have begun to focus on developing more advanced and efficient artificial neural network models. However, the function of biological neural networks in the brain and the roles of different types of neurons are still not fully understood. Studying pyramidal neurons can help researchers develop more advanced and efficient artificial intelligence technologies. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of pyramidal neurons in synaptic integration and describes in detail the basic components of neurons, the morphological and functional characteristics of pyramidal neurons, and the structure and function of the dendritic spine. Exploring the mechanisms of spatial and temporal integration, nonlinear integration, gradient signal integration, and frequency encoding in synaptic integration of pyramidal neurons through patch clamp and high-frequency electrical stimulation methods.
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