The mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs affecting GABAergic and Glutamatergic synaptic transmission

Yixuan Cao

doi:10.1117/12.2692185

7 September 2023 The mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs affecting GABAergic and Glutamatergic synaptic transmission

Yixuan Cao

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Proceedings Volume 12789, International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health (ICMMGH 2023); 127892V (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692185
Event: International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health (ICMMGH 2023), 2023, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abstract

Epilepsy is a life-threatening disorder, with 10% of the world's population would experience at least one seizure during their lives. This review summarises antiepileptic drugs focused on GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. GABA and glutamate receptors are the primary targets for those antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Three types of GABA receptors with structural and metabolically differences, GABAA and GABAC, are ionotropic receptors with different reactions to antagonists, and GABAB receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Two types of glutamate receptors are investigated: ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) and metabolic glutamate receptors (mGluR). iGluRs are channels receptor with a central pore allowing ions to pass through. There are three main types: AMPA receptors, kainate receptors, and NMDA receptors. mGluRs are GPCRs with eight members, which can be classified into three groups: group I, group II, and group III. These structures and their functions are explained further with relevant target drugs.

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Yixuan Cao "The mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs affecting GABAergic and Glutamatergic synaptic transmission", Proc. SPIE 12789, International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health (ICMMGH 2023), 127892V (7 September 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692185

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KEYWORDS

Epilepsy

Synaptic transmission

Ion channels

Ions

Neurons

Brain

Calcium

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