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The development and treatment of tumors are complex and multifaceted, with genetics, environment, and metabolism emerging as new areas of focus. Among these, the relationship between fat and tumors has become an important research direction, with significant implications in the field of nutrition. No matter the amounts of extracellular lipids, the importance of fatty acid production for cancer cell proliferation and survival has now been established by multiple research. In addition, tumors and their precursor lesions unexpectedly produce more endogenous fatty acids than healthy tissue. Also the diverse functions of lipid biosynthesis in the context of oncogenesis. The functions of fatty acids have been investigated in tumorigenesis, extending beyond their conventional roles as constituents of cellular membranes or sources of energy production. As tumor-associated fatty acid synthase, by providing benefits for growth and survival rather than acting as an anabolic energy-storage route. Comprehending the etiology and mechanisms underlying lipid homeostasis in cancer cells may uncover metabolic vulnerabilities that can be leveraged for therapeutic interventions. Aggressive malignancies are commonly associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities. This review provides an overview of the current evidence regarding changes in fatty acid metabolism in cancer, as well as recent advances in related research. And emphasizing researches which are being carried out to examine the modulation of lipid metabolism and the role played by the tumor microenvironment in providing lipids. Furthermore, various methodologies are presented in relation to dietary fat interventions that could potentially impede lipid supply to tumors, thereby establishing the groundwork for subsequent investigations.
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