Heiquan Reservoir, Xining's seventh source of drinking water, plays a significant role in ensuring water for industry, agriculture, and ecology in Xining and the neighboring areas. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the water quality of Heiquan Reservoir is required. Chlorophyll content in water bodies is an important indication of eutrophication because it can represent environmental changes as well as the impact of human life and productivity on water bodies. This study mainly uses Landsat-8 OLI images from 2015–2019 by constructing an inversion model of chlorophyll sample point concentrations extracted from MODIS-based inversion models. The investigation concluded that the chlorophyll concentration in Xining City's Heiquan Reservoir falls in winter each year, gradually increases in spring, and reaches its highest in summer. Moreover, the parameters influencing the distribution of chlorophyll concentration from water temperature were investigated using inverted Landsat-8 OLI images of Heiquan Reservoir's water surface temperature. It was found that the chlorophyll concentration in Heiquan Reservoir showed a positive correlation with water surface temperature.
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