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To improve the rationality of the connection between large appertaining parking facilities and urban road traffic, and to solve the problem of rapid access, this paper proposes a method for optimizing the layout of parking entrances and exits that focuses on the synergy of safety and efficiency. Firstly, the number of entrances is restricted and optional locations are determined based on specifications. Then, an objective function is constructed to minimize the total layout cost as the sum of conflict risk and travel time cost, considering road flow and service level constraints. And a parking lot entrances and exits layout optimization model is established from the perspective of safety and efficiency synergy. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the multivariate non-linear objective function and an optimization scheme for the layout of entrances and exits of an appertaining underground parking facility is proposed, with model parameters and traffic flow sensitivity analysis carried out. Finally, VISSIM simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the effect of the optimization scheme in terms of safety and efficiency improvement. The results show that the optimized scheme has good adaptability to real-life traffic scenarios, reducing the average queue length at entrances and exits by 47.33% and overall vehicle travel time by 4.72%, as well as reducing the total number of conflicts by 10.38%. This disperses conflict points and improves safety, while reducing delays and improving parking efficiency. The method can provide a reference for the layout of entrances and exits of parking facilities in the planning stage, further improving the coordination between static and dynamic traffic in the city.
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