Experimental investigation on the tilt angle performance of 4 K two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes

Xihuan Hao; Brent Zerkle; Joe Cosco; Rich Dausman

doi:10.1117/12.3020076

18 July 2024 Experimental investigation on the tilt angle performance of 4 K two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes

Xihuan Hao, Brent Zerkle, Joe Cosco, Rich Dausman

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 13096, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X; 130969G (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020076
Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2024, Yokohama, Japan

Conference Poster

Abstract

Pulse tube cryocoolers have been widely used in low temperature superconductors, telescopes, medical devices, helium liquefiers, dry dilution refrigerators and scientific instruments, since their invention in 1964 due to their inherent advantages of low vibration, high reliability, and long mean time between maintenance. 4 K two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers have been used in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Telescopes to increase the sensitivity of instruments and enable low temperature detector technologies. Bluefors Cryocooler Technologies (formerly Cryomech, Inc.) has been continuously improving cooling capacity and energy efficiency of its 4.2 K two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers. The two newest models, the PT425 (2.7 W at 4.2 K) and PT450 (5.0 W at 4.2 K), have been successfully developed and launched in 2021 and 2023, respectively. The PT450 is the world’s largest, commercially available, 4 K pulse tube cryocooler, which provides a minimum cooling performance of 5.0 W at 4.2 K on the 2nd stage with 65 W at 45 K on the 1st stage simultaneously. The cooling performance of a pulse tube cryocooler is tied to the tilt angle of the system relative to the gravity vector, such that the cooling capacity decreases as a function of the tilt angle. The gas gravitational effect on the cooling performance of the PT425 and PT450 has been experimentally investigated. Test results of the tilt angles ranging from 0° (vertical) to 60° are presented in this paper, providing an accurate reference for the tilt angle cryogenic system design in CMB telescopes.

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Xihuan Hao, Brent Zerkle, Joe Cosco, and Rich Dausman "Experimental investigation on the tilt angle performance of 4 K two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescopes", Proc. SPIE 13096, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X, 130969G (18 July 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020076

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