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In any communication system, and particularly for a telecommunication system, the transmission medium is required to be highly reliable. Prior to 1980, most of the telecommunication networks deployed copper cables.
Mansoor A. Saifi
"Long-term fiber reliability", Proc. SPIE 1366, Fiber Optics Reliability: Benign and Adverse Environments IV, (1 February 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.24682
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Mansoor A. Saifi, "Long-term fiber reliability," Proc. SPIE 1366, Fiber Optics Reliability: Benign and Adverse Environments IV, (1 February 1991); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.24682