Nucleation, non-stoiquiometry, and tactile muscles with conducting polymers

Toribio F. Otero; Maria Teresa Cortes; Iker Boyano; Genma Vazquez

doi:10.1117/12.538603

27 July 2004 Nucleation, non-stoiquiometry, and tactile muscles with conducting polymers

Toribio F. Otero, Maria Teresa Cortes, Iker Boyano, Genma Vazquez

Proceedings Volume 5385, Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD); (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538603
Event: Smart Structures and Materials, 2004, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

The formation of nuclei of oxidized and dark material on a film of reduced, compacted and clear material was followed from electrochromic films of different conducting polymers, providing that this type of nucleation is a general fact of those materials, as established by the Electrochemically Stimulated Conformational Relaxation model. When the nucleation is stopped at any intermediate state of the nuclei growth, by switching off the polarization, the reduced and clear regions are oxidized at expenses of the oxidized ones. Any intermediate and uniform colour is attained by switching off the polarization at different times, proving the non-stoichiometric nature of the oxidized material. That means that any intermediate composition can be attained and that infinitesimal changes of the composition are possible. Any property of the material linked to the composition also will change in a continuous and infinitesimal way. Those infinitesimal changes linked to the reverse electrochemical reactions are strongly influenced by any physical or chemical change: here we present a tactile sensing artificial muscle.

Citation Download Citation

Toribio F. Otero, Maria Teresa Cortes, Iker Boyano, and Genma Vazquez "Nucleation, non-stoiquiometry, and tactile muscles with conducting polymers", Proc. SPIE 5385, Smart Structures and Materials 2004: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), (27 July 2004); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538603

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available