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Photovoltaic modules are usually considered safe and reliable. But in case of grid-connected PV systems
that are becoming very popular, the issue of fire safety of PV modules is becoming increasingly important
due to the employed high voltages of 600 V to 1000 V. The two main factors i.e. open circuiting of the
bypass diode and ground fault that are responsible for the fire in the PV systems have been discussed in
detail along with numerous real life examples. Recommendations are provided for preventing the fire
hazards such as having at least class C fire rated PV modules, proper bypass and blocking diodes and
interestingly, having an ungrounded PV system.
Neelkanth G. Dhere
"Fire hazard and other safety concerns of PV systems", Proc. SPIE 8112, Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems IV, 81120Q (21 September 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893927
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Neelkanth G. Dhere, "Fire hazard and other safety concerns of PV systems," Proc. SPIE 8112, Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems IV, 81120Q (21 September 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893927