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Adaptive optics (AO) is essential in order to visualize small structures such as cone and rod photoreceptors in the living human retina in vivo. By combining AO with optical coherence tomography (OCT) the axial resolution in the images can be further improved. OCT provides access to the phase of the light returning from the retina which allows a measurement of subtle length changes in the nanometer range. These occur for example during the renewal process of cone outer segments. We present an approach for measuring very small length changes using an extended AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO)/ OCT instrument. By adding a second OCT interferometer that shares the same sample arm as the first interferometer, phase sensitive measurements can be performed in the en-face imaging plane. Frame averaging decreases phase noise which greatly improves the precision in the measurement of associated length changes.
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Michael Pircher, Franz Felberer, Matthias Salas, Richard Haindl, Bernhard Baumann, Andreas Wartak, Christoph K. Hitzenberger, "Phase sensitive adaptive optics assisted SLO/OCT for retinal imaging
(Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE 9697, Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX, 96970U (26 April 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2210923