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Surface polaritons are fundamentally interesting for different technological applications, but their coupling to light is generally weak due to their momentum mismatch. In this work, we show that coupling plane-waves into polaritons is a fundamentally inefficient process. We show nevertheless that a small scatterer placed at a suitable distance from a given surface can couple light completely into the surface modes supported by the surface, under illumination by an adequately modulated field. We corroborate the analytical results by performing fully-numerical simulations using realistic setups, which exhibit a very strong enhancement of the absorption into surface plasmons under the prescribed optimal conditions.
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Eduardo J. C. Brioso Dias, Javier García de Abajo, "Fundamental limits and complete coupling of light into polaritons (Conference Presentation)," Proc. SPIE PC12195, Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems 2022, PC121950F (3 October 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633644