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4D microprinting has become a promising strategy for the fabrication of dynamic microstructures opening new opportunities for the additive manufacturing of functional devices with high precision. During the last years, promising examples of defined 4D microstructures employing hydrogels, liquid crystals and composite materials have been shown using two-photon laser printing. Herein, we present our recent work on the field with emphasis on new responsive materials. In particular, shape memory polymers as well as dynamic covalent polymer networks have been demonstrated to be excellent candidates for the preparation of “living” 4D microstructures with potential applications in micro and nanorobotics or biomedicine.
Eva Blasco,Christoph A. Spiegel, andLi-Yun Hsu
"4D microprinting of programmable polymers: towards “living” behaviours", Proc. SPIE PC12412, Laser 3D Manufacturing X, PC1241204 (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649144
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Eva Blasco, Christoph A. Spiegel, Li-Yun Hsu, "4D microprinting of programmable polymers: towards “living” behaviours," Proc. SPIE PC12412, Laser 3D Manufacturing X, PC1241204 (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649144