Topology optimization has dramatically enhanced the design landscape of structures for realizing high-performance, freeform nanophotonic devices. However, unrestricted topology-optimized devices often possess complex geometries, making them difficult to fabricate in a reliable manner. Here, we impose hard geometric constraints by reparameterizing the design space. The design layouts are mathematically transformed from an unconstrained latent space to a physically realizable device composed of simple shapes. As a proof of concept, we apply the reparameterization technique to achieve high-efficiency large-angle wavefront transformation in periodic and aperiodic systems. We further expand the design framework to large-scale, multifunctional nanophotonic devices.
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