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Photonic platforms for neuromorphic computing promise high-speed and low-energy computations for machine learning. However, current learning schemes in optical systems are often limited to training only a linear output layer. Here, we discuss performance gains by training input and/or internal weights of neural networks for classification tasks. We focus on optimization methods that can be directly applied to physical hardware without the need for mathematical models of the hardware or measurement of the network's state. Accordingly, we target online learning strategies that increase computational capabilities beyond reservoir computing, paving the way to more autonomous and performant photonic hardware.
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Mirko Goldmann, Anas Skalli, Daniel Brunner, "Online learning strategies for optical neural networks," Proc. SPIE PC12655, Emerging Topics in Artificial Intelligence (ETAI) 2023, PC1265514 (28 September 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677449