Deep learning (DL) has enabled the development of deep inverse models (DIMs) to solve inverse problems in artificial electromagnetic materials (AEMs). DIMs often outperform conventional optimization approaches, but their performance has not been thoroughly compared. We evaluated eight state-of-the-art DIMs on three unique AEM design problems, quantitatively comparing their solution time and accuracy. We found that modern DIMs can be decomposed into independent modules, and that interchanging these modules can create novel higher performing DIMs. We taxonomized the unique modules of current state-of-the-art DIMs into three categories: initializers, filters, and optimizers. We conclude by discussing some important outstanding issues of deep inverse design of AEMs, and presenting an outlook of this exciting field.
|