Electrospun polymeric piezoelectric fibers have considerable potential for shape-adaptive mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in biomedical, wearable, and industrial applications. However, their unsatisfactory piezoelectric performance remains an issue to be overcome. While strategies for increasing the crystallinity of electroactive β phases have thus far been the central focus in realizing enhanced piezoelectric performance, controlling the fiber surface morphology and yarn structuring can also be promising alternatives. Here, we summarize a collection of advances that push the boundaries to achieve a drastic enhancement of self-powered sensing and multifunctional biomedical wound healing performance by tailoring both material and structural properties of electrospun piezoelectric polymer fibers and yarns at multi-scales.
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