The convergence of wearable technology and healthcare monitoring has revolutionized personalized health monitoring through real-time data acquisition and analysis. To fully unleash the potential of wearable sensors, developing a soft, disposable, and flexible platform that can easily interface with the epidermis is required. Leveraging printing technologies in flexible sensor fabrication offers a platform that is easily customizable, highly scalable, and disposable, all while possessing notable attributes such as speed, high throughput, and cost-effectiveness. Printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are one of the prominent candidates for flexible and wearable sweat sensing due to their inherent properties, including signal amplification and the ability to mitigate challenges in miniaturization, and complexities in interfacing with electronic readout due to their high input impedance. Here, we present an epidermal wearable chemical sensing patch for sweat ions analysis fabricated using inkjet printing and direct 3D writing. This real-time monitoring of sweat analytes will ensure timely medication and enhance the experience of personalized healthcare monitoring.
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