Characterization and standardization of tissue-simulating protoporphyrin IX optical phantoms

Mikael Marois; Jaime J. Bravo; Scott C. Davis; Stephen C. Kanick

doi:10.1117/1.JBO.21.3.035003

11 March 2016 Characterization and standardization of tissue-simulating protoporphyrin IX optical phantoms

Mikael Marois, Jaime J. Bravo, Scott C. Davis, Stephen C. Kanick

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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 21, Issue 3, 035003 (March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.21.3.035003

Abstract

Optical devices for measuring protoporphryin IX (PpIX) fluorescence in tissue are routinely validated by measurements in optical phantoms. Yet there exists limited data to form a consensus on the recipe for phantoms that both mimic the optical properties found in tissue and yield a reliable and stable relationship between PpIX concentration and the fluorescence remission intensity. This study characterizes the influence of multiple phantom components on PpIX fluorescence emission intensity, using Intralipid as the scattering source, bovine whole blood as the background absorber, and Tween as a surfactant to prevent PpIX aggregation. Optical measurements showed a linear proportionality (r<0.99) between fluorescence intensity and PpIX concentration (0.1 to 10 μg/mL) over a range of Intralipid (1 to 2%) and whole blood (0.5 to 3%) for phantoms containing low surfactant (≤0.1%), with fluorescence intensities and scattering and absorption properties stable for 5 h after mixing. The role of surfactant in PpIX phantoms was found to be complex, as aggregation was evident in aqueous nonturbid phantoms with no surfactant (0% Tween), and avoided in phantoms containing Intralipid as the scattering source with no additional or low amounts of added surfactant (≤0.1% Tween). Conversely, phantoms containing higher surfactant content (<0.1% Tween) and whole blood showed interactions that distorted the fluorescence emissions.

CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Mikael Marois, Jaime J. Bravo, Scott C. Davis, and Stephen C. Kanick "Characterization and standardization of tissue-simulating protoporphyrin IX optical phantoms," Journal of Biomedical Optics 21(3), 035003 (11 March 2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.21.3.035003

Published: 11 March 2016

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