Image watermarking using a dynamically weighted fuzzy c-means algorithm

Myeongsu Kang; Linh Tran Ho; Yongmin Kim; Jong-Myon Kim; Cheol Hong Kim

doi:10.1117/1.3631839

1 October 2011 Image watermarking using a dynamically weighted fuzzy c-means algorithm

Myeongsu Kang, Linh Tran Ho, Yongmin Kim, Jong-Myon Kim, Cheol Hong Kim

Author Affiliations +

Optical Engineering, Vol. 50, Issue 10, 107002 (October 2011). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3631839

Abstract

Digital watermarking has received extensive attention as a new method of protecting multimedia content from unauthorized copying. In this paper, we present a nonblind watermarking system using a proposed dynamically weighted fuzzy c-means (DWFCM) technique combined with discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques for copyright protection. The proposed scheme efficiently selects blocks in which the watermark is embedded using new membership values of DWFCM as the embedding strength. We evaluated the proposed algorithm in terms of robustness against various watermarking attacks and imperceptibility compared to other algorithms [DWT-DCT-based and DCT- fuzzy c-means (FCM)-based algorithms]. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of robustness against several types of attacks, such as noise addition (Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise), rotation, Gaussian low-pass filtering, mean filtering, median filtering, Gaussian blur, image sharpening, histogram equalization, and JPEG compression. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieves higher values of peak signal-to-noise ratio (approximately 49 dB) and lower values of measure-singular value decomposition (5.8 to 6.6) than other algorithms.

©(2011) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

Citation Download Citation

Myeongsu Kang, Linh Tran Ho, Yongmin Kim, Jong-Myon Kim, and Cheol Hong Kim "Image watermarking using a dynamically weighted fuzzy c-means algorithm," Optical Engineering 50(10), 107002 (1 October 2011). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3631839

Published: 1 October 2011

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available