High speed time-resolved wavefront and imaging measurements were taken synchronously in-flight through both boundary layer and shear layer environments around the Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory for Beam Control. Instantaneous modulation transfer functions and point spread functions (PSFs), which characterize image degradation, were generated using wavefront data. Instantaneous power-in-bucket ratios were extracted from both the image data and computed from the wavefront data, and the ratios were found to correlate well with each other. The lower power-in-bucket values and related increased blurring that occurred predominantly in the streamwise direction were associated with large-scale, large-amplitude wavefront spatial variations due to large organized vortical structures present in the shear layer. The boundary layer did not create any significant image blurring due to the low level of aero-optical distortions. Finally, spatial autocorrelation functions were extracted from the wavefront data using the stitching method and were used to compute time-averaged PSFs for different aperture diameters.