Stock lenses are attractive components in optical system design, offering lower cost and ready availability when compared to custom lenses. However, the lack of effective (optimization) tools to design systems with stock lenses often leads to a manual, thus time-consuming and highly iterative design process with low success rate and clearly non-ideal results. In this work, we present an automatic optical design tool that uses only stock lenses from known suppliers to generate lens systems directly from the specifications and constraints given by the user, without requiring any nominal starting or reference design. To efficiently master this complex problem of selecting working stock lens combinations, our proposed tool makes use of the ‘First Time Right’ design method to generate constraint stock-based lens systems of both finite and infinite conjugate configurations from scratch. The method relies on Fermat’s principle and enables a highly systematic generation and very fast evaluation of arbitrary lens designs. This all-analytic approach makes the pre-selection and positioning of stock lenses highly efficient computationally. We will demonstrate and discuss the extensive and fast exploration of stock lens solutions offered by the stock lens-based design tool using several- practical lens design examples. These results clearly highlight the tool’s capabilities for streamlined stock lens-based system exploration and the cost-versus-performance analysis.
Genetic algorithms enable optical system design with off-the-shelf optics. We propose a genetic algorithm that uses five-mutation operators for a scan lens design from scratch. This work demonstrates designs of multiple specifications and an as-built demonstrator.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting approaches that enable large-scale constructs and high-resolution simultaneously are very attractive to tissue engineering applications and health industries. However, both characteristics hardly meet at reasonable printing times in current 3D bioprinting technologies, affecting the introduction of 3D scaffolds in medical applications. To overcome this limitation, we recently introduced a Vat Photopolymerization (VP)-based bioprinting method named Light Sheet Stereolithography (LS-SLA) and demonstrated the fabrication of centimeter-scale scaffolds with micrometer-scale features (⪆; 13 μm) by using off-the-shelf optical compounds. The high performance in LS-SLA results from using a rectangular uniform beam instead of a rotational symmetric laser beam, which generates light sheets with large length-to-width aspect ratios on the vat film. Beam shaping optics are components used to perform the beam transformation, and guarantee the accuracy, uniformity, and size of the 3D constructs. This work proposes freeform optics to perform the laser beam shaping in the LS-SLA device and describes the progress of our investigations from design to proof-of-concept-demonstrating. The results show that rectangular beams are readily produced by freeform optics resulting in compact and energy efficient systems, and that further considerations on the real laser output are necessary to deliver high beam uniformities. Tackling the design challenges of this work leads to energy efficient and high accuracy LS-SLA systems.
Materials play a key role in tissue engineering for the construction of 3-dimensional scaffolds that support the formation of a new extracellular matrix. They should be biocompatible, and for the fabrication of functional scaffolds, they should be mechanically robust, provide high resolution and printability factors to use in one-photon polymerization microstereolithography (OPP μ-SLA) technologies. Furthermore, applications where those materials are used, such as tissue regeneration or tissue substitutes, require fabrication approaches that allow the scalability of 3D scaffold for their clinical use. Therefore, both materials and technology need to be optimized and improved. We tackle two research tracks, one to provide high resolution and biocompatible materials that can be used in OPP- μ-SLA, and a second one to obtain a new μ- SLA configuration that can boost large-size scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering applications. In this work, we report our progress towards the formulation of a hydrogel based on the prototype resin X HYDRORES INX X100 from XPECT INX and we describe the configuration based on the beam shaping of a laser source to print centimeter scale scaffolds while conserving micro-scale features. We printed scaffolds with a commercial ABS resin and the bio-inert hydrogel from XPECT INX that allow us to compare resolution, printability, and mechanical stability. Our results evidence structures with voxel widths up to 20 μm and lengths up to 23 mm by using uniform light sheets illumination patterns. This work set new alternatives for the material and the fabrication aspects of additive manufacturing for 3D biofabrication.
Optically indistinguishable copies of 3D real objects or holograms are known to be suitable to replace exhibited artistic pieces in museums. In this paper, we discuss holography as an alternative to protect, share and preserve finely crafted gold pieces belonging to the indigenous treasure inherited by Colombians. We present high diffraction efficiency monocolor and color holograms of native goldwork. As reference objects and proof of concept, we use replicas of the renowned and emblematic Poporo Quimbaya, pre-Hispanic gold pendants and anthropomorphic gold pieces. We report experimental details to deal with different types of commercial holographic recording materials, as for example, PFG-03M and PFG- 03C silver halides or C-RT20 photopolymers. And its general feasibility for reproducing high-quality holograms suitable for museum exhibitions or traveling art-collections.
Synthetic holograms have achieved a great impact in a variety of fields like architecture, advertising, army and art, and have proven their importance in advancing the holographic displays as visual communication media. Printing synthetic holograms needs the development of a holographic printer that from a set of 2D images allows to create 3D holographic images of real objects and computer generated objects. With the purpose of developing a holoprinter, we have implemented three related components: i) design and implementation of an optical system for direct writing of hogels, ii) a computational implementation to generate parallax 2D images and finally, iii) the implementation of an opto-mechanical and control system for automatic recording of the synthetic holograms. The three components have been developed under the restricted conditions of our holographic laboratory. In this way, a direct write optical setup was implemented using He-Ne laser, and an optical system for hogel writing with a field of view (FOV) of 60° was designed by using commercial lenses. To generate 2D parallax images, an application was created in the free computer graphics software Blender, applying different camera configurations. And a LabView application was made to automatically control obturation and displacement of the holographic plate. The system developed can record computer generated objects and real objects. Real objects are digitized by using a conventional photographic camera. Reflection full parallax holographic stereograms were recorded on PFG-01 plates and their holographic reconstructions are presented and discussed.
The holoprinter technology based on holographic stereograms has generated a fast development in holographic display
applications by the holographic recording of a 2D image sequence with information of a 3D scene, which could be real or
computer generated. The images used in holographic stereograms initially start from the acquisition of the different image
perspectives of the 3D scene by the re-centering camera configuration and then, this images must be rearranged before the
optical recording. This paper proposes a method to acquire the required images or hogel images in one step without using
rearrange algorithms, the method uses a virtual camera that moves along a virtual rail by conventional computer graphics
software. The proposed method reduced the time required to obtain the hogel images and enhance the quality of the 3D
holographic images; it also can be applied in different computer graphics software. To validate the method, a full parallax
holographic stereogram was made for a computer generated object.
This paper provides some examples about quantum games simulated in Python’s programming language. The quantum
games have been developed with the Sympy Python library, which permits solving quantum problems in a symbolic
form. The application of these methods of quantum mechanics to game theory gives us more possibility to achieve
results not possible before. To illustrate the results of these methods, in particular, there have been simulated the
quantum battle of the sexes, the prisoner’s dilemma and card games. These solutions are able to exceed the classic bottle
neck and obtain optimal quantum strategies. In this form, python demonstrated that is possible to do more advanced and
complicated quantum games algorithms.
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