This paper describes synthesis, characteristics and experimental observation a new nonlinear optical characteristics new azopolymer based on poly-n-epoxypropyl carbazole (PEPC) and Disperse Orange 3 under the influence of a highintensity laser beam. The regularities in the formation of surface microstructures by the action of a focused Gaussian beam on the film of the synthesized polymer are shown. The dependence of the formation of the microstructure with increasing beam power density is studied. Nonlinear topographic effects arising in the formation of microstructures by beams with linear and circular polarization are described. The anisotropic nanoscale polymer movements were demonstrated for linearly polarized laser beam irradiation.
Off-axis lensless holography is considered with a sinusoidal phase modulation at the object plane. The variational algorithm for phase and amplitude reconstruction is based on the algorithm proposed in the paper 1[V. Katkovnik, I. A. Shevkunov, N. V. Petrov, and K. Egiazarian, “Wavefront reconstruction in digital off-axis holography via sparse coding of amplitude and absolute phase”, Opt. Lett. 40, 2417-2420 (2015)]. The forward wavefront propagation is modelled using the Fourier transform with the angular spectrum transfer function. The multiple intensities (holograms) recorded by the sensor vary in dependence to the angle of the phase diffraction grating. The i.i.d. Gaussian noise is added to observations to make them closer to real experimental conditions. The root mean square error (RMSE) values of the phase reconstructions were compared in two scenarios: with and without the diffraction grating. Computational experiments showed that with sinusoidal phase modulation RMSE values are decreased about 20%. These results support the conclusion on advantage of the proposed phase modulation gratings in off-axis lensless digital holography.
An curve-fitting method for accurate determination of optical constants and thickness is presented for chalcogenide glasses thin films. Optical constants and thickness of nanomultilayer chalcogenide structure As2S3:Mn-Se were obtained by Swanepoel method from transmission spectrum using PARAV software. Proposed curve-fitting method is based on numerical simulation of transmission spectrum based on film parameters obtained by Swanepoel method and comparison one with experimental transmission spectrum. It is shown that modeled spectrum is not fully corresponding to the original measured spectrum due to inaccurate absorption coefficient determination in the region of Urbach absorption. Adjusting of absorption spectrum with further numerical simulation of spectrum allows achieving the best correspondence to original transmission spectrum. It solves the problem of the accurate absorption coefficient calculation in the different absorption regions. Finally, dependencies of the absorption coefficient on wavelength of the nanomultilayer chalcogenide films structures were obtained from transmission spectra using the proposed method.
Materials with combined ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties or magneto-electric coupling effects are promising candidates for information technology, photosensoring, and device fabrication. Preparation and characterization of multiferroic materials in which ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist attracted much interest in research for functionalized materials and devices. They present a possibility to electrically control magnetic memory devices and, conversely, magnetically manipulate electric devices. In this work we considered Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with and without a protective SiO2/TiO2 double-layer coating embedded into the carbazole-based, namely, polyepoxypropylcarbazole (PEPC) thin (500 nm) film. Optical characterization of the PEPC films was performed using light irradiation in the UV/VIS and NIR ranges. A shift in the optical absorption edge toward a higher wavelength region of the spectrum took place for all irradiated samples: the polymer film, as well as for the samples with Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles inside of the polymer matrix. We suggest that changes in the UV/VIS/NIR spectra took place as a function of the degree of structural changes and stabilizing of the atomic matrix, as well as due to change in the values of the refractive index following irradiation, calculated from the spectral data. In such a way photo-structural modifications induced by the UV irradiation and the implantation of the magnetic nanoparticles make these materials perspective for optical recording media. We conclude, therefore, that Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles considerably affect the optical properties of the PEPC thin film, and result in the enhancement of the photodarkening effect following the UV irradiation.
Transparent thin films of polyepoxypropylcarbazole polymer were produced using spin-coating technique. Optical
materials constants such as refractive index of thin films and thickness were determined by optical spectroscopy. It was
shown the possibility of variation of film thickness by polymer concentration in solution. It was shown that film
thickness dependence on the concentration of solution is linear. Therefore this linear dependence can be used to predict the film thickness of spin-coated polymers if the solvent is known. The thickness can be varied from 170 nm up to 940 nm for the solution with concentration from 2.5% up to 12.5%. To confirm the validity of our method, we also carried out the interferometric thickness measurements and analysis with a thin film of polyepoxypropylcarbazole. The
difference of obtained results of two methods averaged not more than 5%.
The measured film thickness by transmission spectra of the polymer film was found to be well correlated to the
results of interferometric thickness measurement. The refractive index of the polyepoxypropylcarbazole was 1.62,
which was well above the refractive index of 1.49 for polymethylmethacrylate. It was found that the inclusion of even a
small amount of a photosensitizer, such as CHI3, was effective in producing of high refractive index material with
refractive index 1.64.
The transmission spectra of bulk and thin films of (As2S1.5Se1.5)1-x:Snx in the visible and near infrared (IR) regions were investigated. Doping of As2S1.5Se1.5 chalcogenide glass with tin impurities essentially reduce the absorption bands of SH (Se-H) and H2O located at ν = 5190 cm-1 and ν = 3617 cm-1, respectively. The amorphous As2Se3:Snx and (As2S1.5Se1.5)1-x:Snx thin films exhibit photoinduced effects under the light irradiation with photon energy above the optical band gap (hν≥Eg), that make its perspective materials for registration of optical and holographic information. The modification of optical parameters (optical band gap Eg, absorption coefficient α, refractive index n) under light irradiation and heat treatment of the amorphous thin films with different amount of Sn was studied. The shift of the absorption edge after light exposure to lower energy region was observed, i.e. the effect of photodarkening take place. The dispersions curves n=f(λ) show a modification of the refractive index n under light exposure. For the glass composition (As2S1.5Se1.5)0.96:Sn0.04 the change of the optical band gap Egopt under light exposure was determined from 1.92±0.02 eV to 1.86±0.02 eV. The similar calculations of the optical constants were done for the amorphous films of glass compositions x=0.03 and x=0.05. The relaxation of photodarkening in amorphous As2Se3:Snx and (As2S1.5Se1.5)1-x:Snx thin films, which is described by the stretch exponential function T(t)/T(0) = A0+Aexp[-(t-t0)/τ](1-α)also wasinvestigated. The experimental results are interpreted in framework of the model of molecular structure of chalcogenide glasses doped with tin impurities.
New composite and nanocomposite materials consisting from amorphous chalcogenide (As2S3, As2Se3) and polymers
such as polyvinylalcool (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared by inexpensive and easy coating
technique from chemical solution and were investigated. Composite retains many properties of the initial components
from which they are prepared. Morphology and optical properties of deposited materials in the form of films are
presented. The decreasing of the As2S3 component in the composite leads to the shift of the absorption edge to higher
energies and spheroid dimensions are decreased. For the samples As2S3:Pr3+/PVA an increasing of transparency in the
visible region with respect to pure As2S3 was observed. As a result of ultraviolet light irradiation of the composites
change of optical properties is observed. For example the refractive index may be change in value 0,1. This allows
utilizing these structures for holographic recording of diffraction gratings. The investigated new composites are
perspective for different photonic devices as well as for recording media with high resolution.
Recently special attention has been given to the problem of the holographic registration of images and information with the purpose of a solution of various scientific and technical problems. It is well known that carbazol containing polymers, for example, poli-N-carbazolylalcoxymethacrylate (poli-CAM), co-polymers CAM, polyepoxypropilcarbazol (PEPC), have been recommended very well as organic photoconductors, especially in the field of the creation of mediums for information registration, including holograms. The photochemical method of image recording of carbazole-containing polymers films attribute to famous methods of image recording. Our research is aimed at finding of a new photopolymer compositions sensitive in the visible and infrared spectra. We have studied a photopolymer materials, which are doped by amorphous semiconductors. We have used As2S3, S, Se, GeSe as additives of the amorphous semiconductor, and PEPC, PVA, BMA as main polymers. These photopolymer films have been prepared by pouring from solutions. The photopolymer films have been applied both on transparent (polyethylenethereftalat) films and rigid substrates of optical glass. The samples have been obtained with the thickness in the range of 2 μm to 30 μm. The contents of different amorphous semiconductors have beem maintained within the limit of 5 - 40 wt.% of the photopolymer. The variation of the concentration of each component and the transmission spectra have been studied for all the photopolymer films. The experimental measurements of its transmission spectra are evaluated in conjunction with its application for optical holographic recording in visible and infrared ranges. The optical transmission spectra have been measured in optical region from 0.8 μm to 3.0 μm by spectrum-photometer SPECORD 61 NIR and in region from 0.4 μm to 0.8 μm by spectrum-photometer SPECORD UV VIS.
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