In the report we analyze the data from lidar measurements of aerosol optical characteristics over Tomsk. Based on time series of long-term measurements of integrated aerosol backscattering coefficient 𝐵π 𝑎 (see PDF) , for the background state of the stratosphere we constructed the linear regressions for the period of 1986 – 1991 with stratospheric aerosol (SA) content decreasing at a rate of −5.1 ∙ 10−7sr-1 per decade; for the period of 2000 - 2006 with SA decreasing at a rate of −6.31 ∙ 10−8 sr-1 per decade; for the period of 2012 – 2017 with SA decreasing at a rate of −1.79 ∙ 10−8 sr-1 per decade; as well as for the period of 2018 - 2021. After products from 2017 forest fires in North America were observed at SLS in Tomsk, since 2018 SA has started growing at a rate of 4.8 ∙ 10−7sr-1 per decade. We corrected the regional empirical model of background stratospheric aerosol, which we developed in 2000-2017, by complementing it with measurements from 2017 to 2021.
Lidar observations of aerosol and ozone at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) of Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences in Tomsk (26° 29’ N; 85° 3’ E) showed the presence of stratospheric aerosol layers over Tomsk during winter 2017-2018, signs of descending air masses, and deficit of ozone. Aura OMI/MLS observations indicated that in December-January 2017/2018 the northern Eurasia had been under the influence of Arctic air masses from the Eastern Hemisphere with low total ozone (TO) content and NO2 content in the stratosphere, and low temperature in the stratosphere. Analysis of back trajectories and integrated (over MLS profile) TO showed that, due to dynamic disturbance of the Arctic stratosphere in December 2017, cold air masses with excessive reactive chlorine (in view of NO2 deficit) were exported from within the Arctic circle to the stratosphere over Tomsk. Seemingly, in the Tomsk stratosphere, after being exposed to solar radiation and to the excessive reactive chlorine (in view of NO2 deficit), and, staying chemically isolated, they evolved into chemically disturbed state, similar in ozone destruction rate to the conditions of the springtime Arctic stratosphere.
In the report we present a quasi-three-year seasonal model of ozone vertical profiles; the model is obtained using the differential absorption lidar complex at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) and Aura and MetOp satellites in the upper troposphere – stratosphere. Ozone profiles were retrieved using temperature vertical distribution from meteorological satellites. We analyzed and estimated the effect of different spatial resolutions on the error of ozone profiles retrieved using lidar and satellite measurements in 2021.
Based on the previously proposed comprehensive backward-trajectory methodology for studying the patterns of transboundary transport of aerosol-gas air impurities originated from desert regions of Central Asia, the impact of the Aral-Caspian arid zone on Tomsk region and on the background area of the Ob region in the south of the Novosibirsk Oblast in 2015-2016 is assessed. In the first, we used the dataset of lidar sounding of the aerosol scattering ratio at the High-Altitude Sounding Station of Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. In the second, the dataset of regular aircraft aerosol measurements over Karakansky Bor (pine forest) on the right southern bank of Novosibirsk reservoir is used. Approbation of backward-trajectory technique for the datasets of 2015-2016 showed a significant effect of the Aral-Caspian arid region on the aerosol load of the troposphere of the south of Western Siberia.
At the Siberian lidar station, long-term measurements of the ozone vertical distribution are continued at the sensing wavelength pairs of 299 and 341 nm, 308 and 353 nm. The report presents a quasi-three-year seasonal model of vertical ozone profiles formed in recent years, obtained using the differential absorption lidar complex of the Siberian lidar station and the Aura, MetOp satellites in the upper troposphere - stratosphere. A typical seasonal feature of the vertical ozone distribution in Western Siberia is presented. The ozone profiles were retrieved using the vertical temperature distribution from the meteorological satellite data. We analyzed how the existing sets of absorption cross sections influence the deviation of the ozone profiles, retrieved with their application, from the Krueger model and the quasi-three-year model. Since 2021, measurements have been performed at the lidar station with different spatial resolutions from 10 m to 100 m. An analysis and estimation of how different spatial resolutions influence the error of retrieving ozone profile from lidar and satellite measurements in 2021 was conducted.
In this report we compare seasonal vertical profiles of ozone, obtained at differential absorption lidar complex of Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) in the upper troposphere/stratosphere, using measurements of vertical temperature distribution onboard meteorological satellites Aura, MetOp and model developed in Institute of Atmospheric Optics. We analyzed and estimated how the real temperature influences the behavior of ozone profiles retrieved from lidar measurements in 2018 and 2019.
STRACT In the report we show the lidar measurement complex of Siberian Lidar Station, having formed to date. The main units of the measurement complex are technically described, and instrumentation and certain measurements of stratospheric aerosol, ozone, and temperature of the middle atmosphere are presented.
In the report we compare the vertical ozone profiles, measured using lidar complex of differential absorption at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS), against profiles, obtained using data from AURA meteorological satellite. Lidar and satellite measurements of ozone in the lower troposphere-stratosphere over Tomsk are analyzed, as well as data from meteorological stations closest to the city. The results obtained are an indirect confirmation of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of air masses.
We presented the lidar measurements of vertical ozone distribution (VOD) over Tomsk, performed at Siberian Lidar Station (56.5ºN, 85.0ºE) in 2018 at the altitudes of the upper troposphere - stratosphere. The results of lidar sensing of ozone, carried out according to the method of differential absorption and scattering with the temperature and aerosol correction, are compared with data from MetOp and AURA meteorological satellites. The lidar/satellite data comparison is analyzed, as well as the dynamics of January ozone variations. An episode of recording ozone anomaly is shown against the background of Krueger midlatitude model.
In this report we present an analysis of lidar measurements of aerosol optical characteristics in the stratosphere over Tomsk, based on which we determined the periods of increased aerosol content after anomalous aerosol layers of nonvolcanic origin from severe forest fires in Canada were recorded in summer-fall period of 2017. Owing to the pyroconvection, the fire products were lifted to the stratosphere and spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere. The thickness of the recorded aerosol layers of non-volcanic origin was comparable to that produced by one of volcanoes in Pacific Ring of Fire in 2006-2012. A background state of aerosol loading has been established in the stratosphere over Tomsk since November 2017. Time series of long-term measurements of integrated aerosol backscattering coefficient Вaπ for the background stratospheric state from 2012 to July 2017 was used to construct a linear regression of the form Вaπ=2.2213•10−4−1.7936•10-7•t.
Our regional empirical model of background stratospheric aerosol for 2000-2016 was corrected to include the measurements from 2016 to 2019.
In the report, we present and summarize the results of lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol layer at the Siberian Lidar Station (Tomsk: 56.5°N; 85.0°E) in 2017. Measurement technique with the help of multichannel stationary lidar complex at Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, is described. The measurements showed that in August – October there were aerosol layers in the altitude range from 14 to 19 km, with R(H) value at maximum having been from 1.3 to 5.8. The trajectory analysis of air mass transport in the atmosphere on the basis of the NOAA HYSPLIT models allowed us to determine that the observed aerosol layers could possibly be due to atmospheric transport of forest fire products from the region of lake Athabasca (Saskatchewan and Alberta provinces, Canada) to the atmosphere.
In the report, we present certain results of studying the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol layer (SAL), obtained at the Siberian Lidar Station, Tomsk in December 2017 – January 2018. A block-diagram of lidar is presented. It is shown the aerosol loading of the stratosphere might be due to the occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) as a result of transport of Arctic air masses to Tomsk.
In the report, we analyze the dada of lidar measurements of aerosol and ozone optical characteristics in the stratosphere over Tomsk. The vertical ozone profiles, obtained in March 2017 with the help of differential absorption lidar at the Siberian Lidar Station, are compared with profiles, retrieved according to data from Meteorological Operational satellite programme (MetOp) satellite developed by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Siberian Lidar Station created at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and operating in Tomsk (56.5° N, 85.0° E) is a unique atmospheric observatory. It combines up-to-date instruments for remote laser and passive sounding for the study of aerosol and cloud fields, air temperature and humidity, and ozone and gaseous components of the ozone cycles. In addition to controlling a wide range of atmospheric parameters, the observatory allows simultaneous monitoring of the atmosphere throughout the valuable altitude range 0–75 km. In this paper, the instruments and results received at the Station are described.
The pattern of the quasibiennial oscillation of total ozone over northern territories of Russia (1996-2013) and ozone concentrations at separate stratospheric levels over Arctic sites (2005-2013) are analyzed according to data of TOMS satellite instrumentation. It is shown that the entire period of 1996-2013 can be divided into three intervals: before 2002- 2004, interval between 2002-2004 and 2008-2010, and period after 2008-2010. The quasibiennial oscillation is quite clearly manifested in the first and third periods and is distorted in the second period. The time series of the mixing ratio, composed for separate altitudinal levels, exhibit quasibiennial oscillation, which takes shape at heights of ~30 km and weakens in overlying regions.
Ground-based remote measurements by the methods of laser sensing and spectrophotometry of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere and temperature are performed at Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAO SB RAS) in Tomsk (56.5°N; 85.0°E). We are measuring the scattering characteristics of stratospheric aerosol layer, total ozone (TO) content, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content, and vertical distribution of temperature from troposphere to mesosphere. In the report, we consider some results of spectrophotometric (TO, NO2) and lidar measurements of temperature, obtained at SLS, in comparison with analogous results of satellite measurements.
In 2010 and first half of 2011, a background aerosol content was observed in the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere
midlatitudes. The report presents the observations of aerosol disturbances of the stratosphere in the second half of 2011,
which were performed at lidar network stations of CIS countries CIS-LiNet in Minsk (53.9°N; 27.6°E), Tomsk (56.5°N;
85.0°E), and Vladivostok (43.0°N; 131.9°E). Data of lidar measurements at the sensing wavelengths of 353, 355, and
532 nm indicate that increased aerosol content was observed since June – July almost until the end of 2011 in the lower
stratosphere up to the altitudes ~ 18 km. A well-defined, temporally stable aerosol layer was observed until October 2011
in the altitude interval ~ (13-17) km.
The trajectory analysis of air mass transport in the stratosphere according to NOAA HYSPLIT MODEL with
employment of CALIPSO satellite data shows that the increased aerosol content observed was most likely due to
transport of eruption products of Grimsvötn volcano (May 21, 2011, Iceland: 64.4°N; 17.3°W).
We summarize and analyze the lidar measurements (Tomsk: 56.5°N; 85.0°E) of the optical characteristics of the
stratospheric aerosol layer (SAL) in the volcanic activity period 2006-2011. The background SAL state with minimal
aerosol content, which was observed since 1997 under the conditions of long-term volcanically quiescent period, was
interrupted in October 2006 by a series of explosive eruptions of volcanoes of the Pacific Ring of Fire: Rabaul (October
2006, New Guinea); Okmok and Kasatochi (July-August 2008, Aleutian Islands); Redoubt (March-April 2009, Alaska);
Sarychev Peak (June 2009, Kuril Islands), and Grimsvötn (May 2011, Iceland). A short-term and minor disturbance of
the lower stratosphere was also observed in April 2010 after eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull. The
developed regional empirical model of the vertical distribution of background SAL optical characteristics was used to
identify the periods of elevated stratospheric aerosol content after each of the volcanic eruptions.
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