The elemental composition of near-surface aerosol in Moscow in the winter periods of 2020 and 2021 are presented according to the data of regular observations of aerosol composition at A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS. Reliable differences in meteorological conditions (air temperature, wind direction) of these winters are confirmed by statistical tests. The use of statistical methods made it possible to identify groups of elements with similar or opposite indicators characterizing their nature and/or processes forming their concentrations in near-surface air, in particular during the transition period from winter to spring seasons.
The contents of 28 elements in samples of solid snow sediment (30 samples) taken in 2015 in the city of Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo Region) and in adjacent territories were determined by the instrumental neutron activation analysis method. The region is known for its coal mining activities. The existing data set was preliminary formatted into the database of uniform format. R programming environment was used for statistical analysis calculations and visual representation of data set with these 28 elements concentrations at snow sediment. The highest concentration coefficients of Ca(1.2), Lu(1.2), Ba(2.1), Sr(1.4), As(1.2), Tb(1.2), Sc(1.3), Co(1.2), Eu(1.4), La(1.3) relative to the background were found in solid snow sediment samples in Mezhdurechensk city. This is as a result of long-distance elements propagation from coal mines, coal burning in coal-fired boiler houses, and other workshops of similar activities.
Study of solid airborne particles emissions from rural boiler-house plants are insufficient. The paper presents the results of comparative analysis of dust pollution in vicinity of rural boiler-house plants in Tomsk Oblast different in parameters and fuel type (coal, gas, oil, wood) based on the study of snow cover. The results showed that value of dust load in comparison of background value in vicinity of studied coal-fired houses were different and depended on fuel consumption rate, presence of dust and gas catchment system, coal depository and vehicle park. The maximum value of dust load is found in vicinity of coal-fired boiler-house plants, where it increases the background from 2 to 16 times. In vicinity of other boiler-house plants dust load is at the background level. In vicinity of different coal-fired boiler-house plants the dust load depends on the fuel consumption, effectiveness of dust and gas collection, availability of outdoor coal storage and vehicle fleet. It is shown that natural gas and wood are the most environmentally friendly fuel from the standpoint of particulate matter emissions.
The article deals with assessment of anthropogenic pollution in vicinity of local boilers using the data on microelement composition of solid airborne particles deposited in snow. The anthropogenic feature of elevated accumulation levels of solid airborne particles deposited in snow in the vicinity of coal-fired boiler house is revealed in elevated concentrations (3-25 higher than background) of Cd, Sb, Mo, Pb, Sr, Ba, Ni, Mo, Zn and Co. In the vicinity oil-fired boiler house the specific elements as parts of solid airborne particles deposited in snow are V, Ni and Sb, as their content exceeds the background from 3 to 8 times. It is determined that the maximum shares in non-carcinogenic human health risk from chronic inhalation of trace elements to the human body in the vicinity of coal-fired boiler house belong to Al, Mn, Cu, Ba, Co, Pb, whereas in the vicinity of oil-fired boiler house – Al, Mn, Cu, Ni, V.
Local heating plants are the main pollution source of rural areas. Currently, there are few studies on the composition of local heating plants emissions. The article deals with the research results of air pollution level with solid airborne particles in the vicinity of local gas-fired heating plants of some districts of Tomsk region. The snow sampling was conducted for the purpose of solid airborne particles extraction from snow cover. The content of 28 chemical elements (heavy metals, rare earth and radioactive elements, aurum, argentum, bromine) in the samples was detected using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The mercury content was determined by the flameless atomic absorption. The results have shown that the dust load value corresponds to low pollution level and 3,5 times exceeds the background value. It was detected, the content of studied elements exceeds the baseline data, and level of pollution with these elements corresponds to the average pollution level. It is suggested, the income of solid airborne particles containing these elements is connected both with emission of gas-fired heating plant, and local and trans-border sources.
The article deals with the experimental data, on which base the mercury level and modes of occurrence are detected in the insoluble fractions of aerosol in snow and in snowmelt water in the impacted areas of Seversk thermal power plant. The geochemical indices were calculated, the value of mercury load on the snow cover in the conventionally near field and far field impacted areas of fuel and energy complex enterprise was defined.
Anna Talovskaya, Vladimir Raputa, Victoriya Litay, Egor Yazikov, Tatyana Yaroslavtseva, Kseniya Mikhailova, Irina Parygina, Anna Lonchakova, Mariya Tretykova
The article shows the results of dust pollution level of air in the vicinity of coal-fired power plant of Omsk city on the base of study snow cover pollution. The samples were collected west-, east- and northeastwards at a distance of 0,75-6 km from the chimney for range-finding of dust emission transfer. The research findings have shown the dust load changes from 53 till 343 mg•(m2·day)-1 in the vicinity of power plant. The ultimate dust load was detected at a distance of 3-3,5 km. On the basis of asymptotics of equation solution for impurity transfer, we have made numerical analysis of dust load rate. With the usage of ground-based facilities and satellites we have determined the wind shifts in the atmospheric boundary layer have a significant impact on the field forming of long-term dustfall.
Tomsk petrochemical plant (Russia) and Pavlodar oil chemistry refinery (Kazakhstan) are the sources of air contamination in Tomsk and Pavlodar respectively. Therefore, it is very important to study the level of air contamination with particulate matter as well as ultimate composition of these particles. Disposable solid particles fall out to the snow cover, so snow is an accumulator of the particles. The article deals with the study results of dust load and concentrations of Br, Sb, La, Ce, Sm and Nd in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow in the vicinity of Pavlodar oil chemistry refinery and Tomsk petrochemical plant. The instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the ultimate composition detection. Results were shown that the dust load in the vicinity of Tomsk petrochemical plant is higher than in Pavlodar. We have detected high concentrations of La, Br and Sm in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow in the vicinity of Pavlodar refinery and high concentrations of Sb and Ce in Tomsk. Moreover, we have detected high Br concentration in insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow of the vicinity of both plants. Gas burning on the flares of these enterprises is likely a potential source of Br. La to light lanthanoids ratio have shown La is of anthropogenic origin. In addition, enrichment factor estimation reflects an anthropogenic origin of La, Sm, Br, Ce and Sb as well. These elements might be emitted from different production facilities of the plants.
Petroleum refineries may emit large quantities of pollutants. Tomsk Petrochemical plant impact on the air quality. Most elements associated with the emitted aerosols that are sometimes under-reported or even not cataloged. Because snow is an efficient scavenger of the emitted aerosols, it offers for identifying contaminants. Herein, we present the element concentrations in the insoluble fraction of aerosols in snow samples collected between March 2009 and March 2013. We also develop strategies to identify the marker elements for snow cover contamination in the plant vicinity. In addition, the aerosols transfer was indicated at the distances. Samples were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption method. Results show that As, Hg, Br, Sb and Zn were found to be the predominated elements alone with traces of other analyzed elements. Burning gas in flare’s plant could be proved to be a source for the toxic and mobile elements Hg, Sb and Br. It is identified that aerosols fallouts degrease away from the plant at a distance from 300 to 1500 m. This study revealed that element concentration did not significant changed between 2009 and 2013.
Snow, as short-term consignation Wednesday, has several properties that lead to its widespread use in ecologicalgeochemical and geological research. By studying the chemical composition of the dust fallout you can indirectly assess the condition of atmospheric air.1-2. Determining the content of mercury in snow cover, you can define its contribution for the longest period of the year in our region, with the most intensive use of various types of fuel (coal, gas, firewood), that puts a strain on urban ecosystems in terms of ecology.3-4. In addition, snow cleans the atmosphere of mercury, but it accumulates in the snow, and during the spring melting of snow hits the ground and rivers, polluting them. Part of the mercury back into the atmosphere. It should also be note the special nature of the circulation of air masses over the city in winter, creating a heat CAP, which contributes to air pollution of the city. 5-6-7. The high load areas of industrial impact were detected during the eco-geochemical investigations of mercury load index in the impacted areas of enterprises of Tomsk. It was found out, that aerosol particles of industrial emissions in Tomsk contain mercury. The contamination transfer character of mercury sources and occurrence modes of pollutants in snow solid residue were detected during the researches of industrial impact.
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