In this paper, we present 2-dimensional (2D) large capacity time-division multiplexing (TDM) laser beam combining technique by potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) electro-optic (EO) beam deflectors. The use of the 2D TDM approach in laser beam combining brings the following key advantages: (1) a large multiplexing capacity compared to 1-dimensional combining, (2) high spatial and spectral beam quality (the combined laser beam has the same spatial and spectral beam profile as the initial individual laser beams), and (3) independency of the phase fluctuation of individual laser beams due to the nature of incoherent laser beam combining. To demonstrate an implementation of 2D beam combining, we recorded the beam after passing KTN crystals with a CCD camera. Our result shows beam combining with a high beam quality, leading to the higher capacity of the TDM technique, which can play a crucial role in applications such as highenergy lasers, laser manufacturing, and large-capacity high-speed laser manufacturing (3D printing).
In this study, we report an experimental analysis on the triggering performance of a GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) array. Resistors in parallel are known to outperform a single resistor in terms of heat management, current manipulation, wattage control, etcetera. Reconstructing the shape of resistors to obtain such a performance can impose limitations that inhibit it to compete with its parallel counterpart. The creation and synchronous triggering of a PCSS array may also result in an improved current and triggering performance which can be useful for high-speed nanosecond applications.
In this study, we quantitatively simulate the thermal effect in the application of high-speed KTN beam deflectors. Dielectric heating can contribute to a substantial temperature increase in high-speed continuous KTN electro-optic (EO) beam deflection. The influence of dielectric heating in KTN is analyzed for different parameters, such as the beam deflection angle, geometric dimension, and the scanning frequency. The optimal structure that can minimize the thermal effect is explored.
Curie Temperature plays an important role in the applications of KTN crystals. However, every crystal is grown with a fixed Curie temperature. In this study, we present a method of manipulating the Curie temperature using strain. This could optimize the performance of our KTN deflectors and other applications.
We reported a new type of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) with nanostructured surface. Since the light could be entered not only from the top surface but also the side surface of the nanostructures, the effective penetration depth was significantly increased. This resulted in a longer lock-on time, which could be highly useful for a variety of applications that require longer lock-on time.
The electric field or stress applied to a solid material can change its polarization or dimensions, thereby altering its properties and causing a piezoelectric effect. This effect can positively or negatively impact your material depending on the sought after application. In this paper, we present a quantitative COMSOL simulation on the influence of the piezoelectric effect on the performance of high speed KTN deflectors. This includes examining the following aspects: piezoelectric induced mechanical stress and refractive index modulation. Furthermore, methods of minimizing the negative impact of piezoelectric effect, such as soft clamping, are explored in order to optimize the performance of electro-optical deflectors.
In this paper, we quantitatively simulate the thermal effect of charging and discharging process of high speed KTN beam deflector. The influence of thermal effect on beam quality is quantitatively analyzed. The method of reducing the thermal effect via a multi-layer design is also explored.
To minimize the influence of the refractive index mismatch between transparent conductive layer (e.g. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)) and glass substrate on the light outcoupling efficiency (LOE) of organic light emitting diode (OLED), in this paper, we present a blue OLED with high LOE by incorporating a layer of tilted nanotube array as an internal light extraction structure in an optimal location. In comparison with conventional planar OLED, the LOE can be increased from 10.9 to 55.3%. The increase in LOE is mainly due to the strong disruption of waveguided mode. The tilted structure can be potentially used to develop high efficiency OLEDs.
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