A novel vector displacement sensor based on femtosecond laser direct writing gratings and waveguides in a seven-core fiber was proposed. Avoiding the use of fan-in and fan-out devices, such a vector displacement sensor realized a highly integrated structure. The displacement sensitivity, displacement resolution and directional accuracy of the proposed sensor were 0.28 nm/mm, 0.01 mm, and <0.1°, respectively.
Chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating (CTFBG) was fabricated in SMF-28e fiber by using femtosecond laser line-by-line technology. The tilt angle and chirp rate of above-mentioned CTFBG were 8° and 10 nm/cm, the insertion loss, 3dB-bandwidth, filtering efficiency and central wavelength were 0.8 dB, 75 nm, 75% and 1511.38 nm, respectively. In addition, chirped FBG (CFBG) and tilted FBG (TFBG) were fabricated by using femtosecond laser line-by-line technology, and the spectral properties of CFBG, TFBG and CTFBG were compared and analyzed.
This paper demonstrates a highly effective method for fibre Bragg grating (FBG) inscription into a seven core fibre (7CF) and its application as an effective vector bending sensor. The development of multicore fibres (MCFs) and enabling the fabrication of FBGs into them result in a solution for multi-parameter measurements such as temperature/strain/bending/twist. The FBG in the central core of 7CF is on the neutral axis and therefore it is sensitive only to thermal and insensitive to deformational change, whereas the FBGs in the none-central cores that are evenly distributed over the 7CF cross-section can facilitate the measurement of structure deformation, such as bending, loading and twist. Furthermore, the FBGs in different cores respond to the physical perturbations differently in various orientations, offering vector sensing to measure both amplitude and direction of the structure change. The 7CF-FBG sensors are highly applicable for mechanical structures and flexible medical instruments.
KEYWORDS: Cladding, Fiber Bragg gratings, Femtosecond phenomena, Wave propagation, Single mode fibers, Vibrometry, Sensing systems, Signal to noise ratio, Signal attenuation, Refractive index
A novel orthogonal grating has been proposed and demonstrated. The grating is inscribed over inner cladding of a multi-cladding fiber containing two orthogonally cascaded “cladding” fiber Bragg gratings. Femtosecond laser side-illumination technique is utilized to ensure the two grating inscriptions are precisely positioned and compact in size. With such configuration, two pairs of well-defined cladding resonances have been achieved in reflection, which are originated from the internal cladding (two weakened resonances at shorter wavelength side) and from the fiber core (two stronger resonances at longer wavelength side), respectively. Most importantly, the “cladding” resonances are strongly directional sensitive to the small-vibration.
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based gas refractometer is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The configuration consists of a short section of S-type taper followed with a FBG. The S-taper is capable to couple the core mode to cladding modes into the downstream SMF, and the low-order cladding modes can be reflected back to the fiber core via the FBG, in which the recoupling efficiency is highly dependent on surrounding refractive index (RI) of liquid and gas. Experimental results show that some recoupled cladding modes show high sensitivities to surround RI. This power-referenced RI measurement and wavelength-referenced temperature measurement have been achieved via selective cladding modes monitoring.
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