The first Brazilian high speed integrated 100G-DPQPSK transmitter on a 4 × 3 mm silicon photonic chip is presented. The novel photonic component allows optical signal generation of advanced modulation formats in 25GHz bandwidth. Furthermore, in this paper we also present our vision on required integrated photonics targeting 400G optical transmission systems.
Transillumination (TI) of dental enamel with near-infrared light is a promising nonionizing imaging method for detection of early caries lesion. Increased mineral loss (caries lesion) leads to increased scattering and absorption. Caries thus appear as dark regions because less light reaches the detector. The aim of this work was to characterize the performance of a TI system from the resolution of acquired images using the modulation transfer function at two wavelengths, 1.28 and 1.4 µm. Test charts with various values of spatial periods, mimicking a perfect caries lesion, were attached to tooth sections, followed by capture of the transmitted image, using both wavelengths. The sections were then consecutively reduced in thickness, and a sequence of all sizes of the test charts were used for repeatedly imaging procedures. The results show that the TI system can detect feature size of 250 µm with 30% modulation. From the information about how the image degrades as it propagates through enamel, we also examined the possibility of estimating the position of a simulated approximal caries lesion by comparing images obtained from the two sides of a tooth section.
We report the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to generate images of the remaining dentin and pulp chamber of in vitro human teeth. Bidimensional images of remaining dentin and of the pulp chamber were obtained parallel to the long axis of the teeth, by two OCT systems operating around 1280 and 850 nm, and compared to tomography images using the i-CAT® Cone Beam Volumetric Tomography system as the gold standard. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the OCT technique; furthermore, the wavelength close to 1280 nm presented greater penetration depth in the dentine than 850 nm, as expected from scattering and absorption coefficients. The OCT technique has great potential to be used on clinical practice, preventing accidental exposure of the pulp and promoting preventive restoration treatment.
Fiber-reinforced composites are new materials which have been used for a variety of dental applications, including tooth
splinting, replacement of missing teeth, treatment of dental emergencies, reinforcement of resin provisional fixed
prosthodontic restorations, orthodontic retention, and other clinical applications. Different fiber types are available, but
little clinical information has been disseminated. The traditional microscopy investigation, most commonly used to study
this material, is a destructive technique, which requires specimen sectioning and are essentially surface measurements.
On the basis of these considerations, the aim of this research is to analyze the interior of a dental sample reinforced with
fiber after a mechanical and thermal cycling to emulate oral conditions using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The
device we are using is a home built Fourier domain OCT working at 800 nm with 6 &mgr;m resolution. The results are
compared with microscopy images to validate OCT as a working method. In long term, fractures allow bacterial invasion
provoking plaque and calculus formation that can cause caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, non invasive imaging
of the bridge fiber enables the possibility of periodic clinical evaluation to ensure the patient health. Furthermore, OCT
images can provide a powerful method for quantitative analysis of crack propagation, and can potentially be used for in
vivo assessment.
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