We demonstrated that the shot-to-shot timing jitter of a streak camera is reduced to 30 fs when it is triggered by a standard kilohertz laser with 1.2% RMS fluctuation. Such small jitter was obtained by improving the response time of deflection plates and the rise-time of a ramp pulse generated by a photoconductive switch, and by operating the photoconductive switch at the optimum working condition. The temporal resolution of the x-ray streak camera operating in accumulation mode is better than 600 femtosecond that is not limited by the timing jitter.
An x-ray streak camera operating in accumulation mode was developed for studying ultrafast dynamics at synchrotron facilities. A laser-triggered photoconductive switch was used as a sweeping unit to obtain low timing jitter. The fast rise time of the ramp pulse generated by the switch (90 ps) combined with the fast response of the traveling wave deflection plates (150 ps) significantly reduced the jitter caused by the shot-to-shot laser fluctuation. At ~1% rms (root mean square) laser energy fluctuation, the resolution of the camera is 1.1 ps when over 5000 laser shots were accumulated. This is two times better than that of the previous design with slower response (300 ps) deflection plates.
A magnetically focused x-ray streak camera was designed and tested using sub-200 fs soft x-ray pulses generated by high harmonic emission in a gas. The temporal resolution of the camera was demonstrated to be under 0.54 ps for the ultraviolet and 0.88 ps in the soft-x-ray wavelength region. Our streak camera represents the fastest x-ray detector developed to date, and should allow sub-picosecond time resolution experiments to be performed using either synchrotron or laser-plasma-based x-ray sources.
A picosecond gated MCP framing camera system is presented. The camera with four parallel microstripline cathode has longer measuring time range and better gain uniformity. The camera is equipped with a pinhole-array adjustment system and other practical accessories for laser plasma experiment. The measured spatial resolution of the camera is 15 lp/mm with 10% modulation and the exposure time ranges from 60 ps to 100 ps with different gain. The whole system was used at the 11# laser facility and got some results of several target type during laser plasma experiment.
High voltage pulse of 140 ps in width and 2.7 kV was generated to gate the multiframe images on a meander shape microstripline on MCP. The measurement time range was extended to 1.1 ns while the exposure time of each image is 60 ps. The measured spatial resolution of the framing camera is 25 lp/mm. New method to reduce the exposure time down to 10 ps was simulated numerically.
Multiframe images at a meander shape microstripline were gated sequentially by a single high voltage pulse. The meander microstripline was made by a fine mesh contacting the input surface of the MCP and the coated rear face of the MCP to reduce the ohmic losses. The dynamic gain characteristics of the MCP gated by picosecond pulse were simulated by Monte-Carlo method taking into account the effect of electron transit time dispersion. The measured spatial resolution of the framing camera is 20 lp/mm and exposure time is approximately equals 100 ps.
A development status evaluation is presented for a picosec soft X-ray streak camera whose initial two-window readout system has been replaced by a 512 x 512 x 4 computer image processor. In addition, a turbomolecular vacuum pump has been used in place of an ion pump. This streak camera has been used in both high power laser and optical physics research.
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