Optical isolators play a pivotal role in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) by safeguarding lasers against reflections, ensuring their stability. Over time, diverse architectures rooted in various phenomena have been explored, yet many faced limitations like bulkiness, integration challenges, or restricted bandwidth. The emergence of magnetoplasmonics presents a promising tool for the next generation of optical isolators, offering efficiency and adaptability. In this study, a novel optical isolator design capitalizes on Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) waveguides, employing a configuration where a Magneto-optic (MO) layer is sandwiched between two metal layers. Under external magnetization in a Transverse Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (TMOKE) setup, the Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton (LRSPP) plasmonic mode becomes asymmetric in its intensity profile distribution, thus following different paths in the opposite senses of propagation. This innovative approach, inspired by magnetoplasmonics, showcases potential for enhanced optical isolation in future photonic systems.
The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile systems is considered a key enabler technology for autonomous driving vehicles. This is due to its ultra-low latency, high-capacity, and network reliability. In this paper, a full end-to-end 5G automotive platform for benchmarking, certificating, and validating distinct use cases in cooperative intelligent transport systems, is proposed. Such an automotive platform enables fast service creation with open-access and on demand services designed for public use as well as for innovative use cases validation such as highway chauffeur system, truck platooning, and real-time perceptive intersection, to name a few. The distinct set of technologies that compose the end-to-end 5G automotive ecosystem framework is described. The holistic 5G automotive ecosystem can handle system and networking interoperability, handover between mobile cells, mobile edge computing capabilities including network slicing, service orchestration, and security. Moreover, the latency performance of a vehicular network with two vehicles is experimentally addressed by using the holistic platform. Up- and down-stream packet transmissions between the two vehicles in an open environment with real-traffic conditions is considered. The results pave the way towards latency levels within the range of 5G key performance indicators and consequently enabling autonomous driving systems. The 5G platform can be further useful for governmental agencies to define new policies and regulations, being able to address critical points such as data protection, liability, and legal obligation, regardless whether systems are partially or fully automated.
KEYWORDS: Antennas, Modulation, Analog electronics, Single mode fibers, Avalanche photodetectors, Wireless communications, Radio over Fiber, Radio optics, Clocks, Signal to noise ratio
An IFoF/V-band link is experimentally presented in a 100MBd QPSK downlink transmission across 7km fiber by a high-power EML and over-the-air by 60GHz beamforming antenna with 32-radiating elements, comprising the first demonstration of a cost-effective end-to-end directional Fiber-Wireless link for dense 5G millimeter-wave networks.
Grating couplers are the most versatile mechanism to couple light efficiently into photonic interconnects, such as waveguides featuring submicronic cross-sections. Usually grating couplers are used in a tilted illumination configuration in order to obtain unidirectional excitation of the waveguide, requiring challenges in assembly and packaging.
In practical applications, tilted illumination of the gratings is not always possible in particular for fully integrated electrooptical printed circuit board (EO-PCB) with a light source (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL)) and an optical layer implanted on each side of the board. In this case, the incoming light hits the gratings couplers at normal incidence and specific strategies are needed to achieve unidirectional excitation of the guided mode.
In this work, a novel unidirectional Data Center coupling concept based on the use of gap plasmon polariton (GPR) grating couplers sustained by Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) resonators is introduced. Unlike traditional challenging subwavelength coupling schemes based on plasmonics and Si-Photonics, we consider non-symmetric GPR featuring highly directional scattering efficiency. The plasmonic gratings have been modelled numerically employing a Fourier Modal Method and the results have been confirmed by FEM simulations.
Programmable switching nodes supporting Software-Defined Networking (SDN) over optical interconnecting technologies arise as a key enabling technology for future disaggregated Data Center (DC) environments. The SDNenabling roadmap of intra-DC optical solutions is already a reality for rack-to-rack interconnects, with recent research reporting on interesting applications of programmable silicon photonic switching fabrics addressing board-to-board and even on-board applications. In this perspective, simplified information addressing schemes like Bloom filter (BF)-based labels emerge as a highly promising solution for ensuring rapid switch reconfiguration, following quickly the changes enforced in network size, network topology or even in content location. The benefits of BF-based forwarding have been so far successfully demonstrated in the Information-Centric Network (ICN) paradigm, while theoretical studies have also revealed the energy consumption and speed advantages when applied in DCs. In this paper we present for the first time a programmable 4x4 Silicon Photonic switch that supports SDN through the use of BF-labeled router ports. Our scheme significantly simplifies packet forwarding as it negates the need for large forwarding tables, allowing for its remote control through modifications in the assigned BF labels. We demonstrate 1x4 switch operation controlling the Si-Pho switch by a Stratix V FPGA module, which is responsible for processing the packet ID and correlating its destination with the appropriate BF-labeled outgoing port. DAC- and amplifier-less control of the carrier-injection Si-Pho switches is demonstrated, revealing successful switching of 10Gb/s data packets with BF-based forwarding information changes taking place at a time-scale that equals the duration of four consecutive packets.
A glass optical waveguide process has been developed for fabrication of electro-optical circuit boards (EOCB). Very thin glass panels with planar integrated single-mode waveguides can be embedded as a core layer in printed circuit boards for high-speed board-level chip-to-chip and board-to-board optical interconnects over an optical backplane. Such singlemode EOCBs will be needed in upcoming high performance computers and data storage network environments in case single-mode operating silicon photonic ICs generate high-bandwidth signals [1]. The paper will describe some project results of the ongoing PhoxTroT project, in which a development of glass based single-mode on-board and board-to-board interconnection platform is successfully in progress. The optical design comprises a 500 μm thin glass panel (Schott D263Teco) with purely optical layers for single-mode glass waveguides. The board size is accommodated to the mask size limitations of the fabrication (200 mm wafer level process, being later transferred also to larger panel size). Our concept consists of directly assembling of silicon photonic ICs on cut-out areas in glass-based optical waveguide panels. A part of the electrical wiring is patterned by thin film technology directly on the glass wafer surface. A coupling element will be assembled on bottom side of the glass-based waveguide panel for 3D coupling between board-level glass waveguides and chip-level silicon waveguides. The laminate has a defined window for direct glass access for assembling of the photonic integrated circuit chip and optical coupling element. The paper describes the design, fabrication and characterization of glass-based electro-optical circuit board with format of (228 x 305) mm2.
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