Addressing the frequent occurrence of wind-induced accidents on metal roofs of large-span space structures, this study analyzes the causes and forms of recent wind-induced accidents on metal roofs. Building upon this analysis of the wind-uncovering destructive mechanism of metal roofing panels, a novel reinforcement technology is proposed here for metal roofs based on optical fiber sensing technology. Fiber reinforced composite sensing tendons and anchor nodes tailored to the specific needs of practical projects were developed and their performance was verified through a series of tests. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced composite sensing tendons reach up to 700 Mpa, with a sensing repeatability error of 0.05% and a linearity of 0.999. The new anchor nodes exhibited a minimum tensile strength of 7.52 kN, meeting the existing national specifications for mechanical and sensing properties.
Cable net structure is a typical tension structure, which can bear load by tension. The cable net structure has unique aesthetic feeling in the expression of architectural form, and has the advantages of light weight, easy folding and large shrinkage ratio, which also makes the cable net structure favored by designers and widely used in architectural structure. The roof of the natatorium of Suzhou Olympic Sports Center adopts 107m long-span saddle-shaped single-layer orthogonal cable-net structure. In this paper, the finite element analysis of the static performance of the cable-net steel structure roof was carried out. The overall calculation model of steel roof was established by using the finite element software. Considering the obvious geometric nonlinearity of single-layer orthogonal cable-net-membrane structure, the influence of static load, live load, wind load and snow load on the displacement and internal force of steel roof was analyzed under different load combinations.
In order to avoid the safety problems of the public building structure in the dense passenger flow environment, the structural health monitoring system is combined with the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method. This paper proposed a dynamic building information management system based on Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) information to ensure the security of its passenger flow information for a crowded exhibition hall. The continuous development of BIM (building information modeling) technology has greatly promoted the development of the construction industry. We can achieve real-time updating and visualization of sensor monitoring data and effectively manage different types of monitoring information as well as improve the controllability and safety of building structure monitoring by introducing BIM technology into structural health monitoring. A static building information model (BIM) was established to generate dynamic passenger flow information through video data learning, and provide a basis for structural health monitoring system for structural safety analysis and emergency response functions under dense passenger flow conditions. A dynamic building information management system suitable for structural health monitoring was built to display the dynamic network of traffic capacity in real time, so that the building information model is dynamic and predictable. The establishment for the combination mechanism of BIM and SHM system improved the data information circulation of BIM system. It could carry out dynamic health monitoring management and early warning control of building structures, realize information sharing in the process of health monitoring, and effectively improve the safety and operational efficiency of public building structures.
In recent years, large-span metal roof is often exposed by wind. By analyzing and summarizing the reasons, this paper proposes an intelligent strengthening system for metal roof panel system. The structural health monitoring and distributed optical fiber sensing technology are organically applied to the metal roof reinforcement system. Based on the intelligent material reinforced fiber composite sensing material, which has both stress and sensor, and based on the distributed strain calculation, the high tensile capacity of the reinforced fiber composite sensor material is used to realize that the metal roof panel will not be lifted in the extreme wind days, At least achieve the effect of being lifted and not being blown away. This intelligent reinforcement system of metal roof based on optical fiber sensing technology is applied to the actual project of Xuzhou East Railway Station, hoping to provide reference for similar projects in the future.
Prestress loss is critical to impact the safety of prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Unfortunately, up to now,
there are no qualified techniques to handle this issue. This paper proposes a life-cycle concept to monitor the full-scale
prestress loss of RC beams utilizing optical fiber distributed sensors. And the optical fiber distributed sensors-based
smart steel strands and load cell were configured. A prestressed RC beam with embedded smart steel strands was built to
illustrate the above methodology. The prestress loss data obtained from the smart steel strand and load cell agrees well,
and also matches that from the theoretical code.
It is still a big challenge to set up a durable and stable long-term liquid pressure monitoring system at many points for
long pipeline under harsh environment. In this paper, according to the need from customers, a practical high-reliable
liquid pressure sensor based on dual optical fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) has been studied and developed. The FBG-based
liquid sensor structure has been brought forward and optimized, and its sensing principle has also been given in details.
Besides, the novel sensor has been tested by serious experiments. The research results show that the FBG-based liquid
pressure sensor has good linearity, repetition and immunity of temperature changes, and the theoretical sensitivity agrees
well with that from the experimental results. Such kind of FBG-based liquid pressure sensor can be applied in practical
applications.
Optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) has been accepted widely throughout the civil infrastructures, especially for bridges.
In this paper, a new case study, FBG-based intelligent monitoring system of the Tianjin Yonghe Bridge is introduced.
For this case, techniques of FBG sensors installation have been tested and 40 FBG strain sensors, 10 FBG temperature
sensors and 96 FRP-OFBG based smart cable sensors have been successfully installed on Yonghe Bridge. The concrete
strain change and cables load gradients have been monitored during the bridge static test using those FBG sensors. And
besides, after the bridge was completed, the strain course under traffic load and temperature changes were monitored
with these sensors. The monitoring results show that traffic fluxes and possible fatigue damages can be conveniently
analyzed, which can be applied for structural health diagnosis. The monitoring system has stood the ordeal for more than
2 years, which shows that the FBG can meet the demands of long-term monitoring of the bridge.
Optical Fiber Bragg Grating (OFBG) is now widely accepted as smart sensor due to its advantages of electric-magnetic resistance, small size, distributed sensing, durability, and so on. However, to our great regret, the bare FBG can only stand 3000~5000με, which can not satisfy the need of practical strain monitoring of infrastructures, especially for the damage detection, such as crack and large strain. In this paper, new technique of sensitivity-decreasing of FBG strain sensor has been brought forward and a new kind of FBG-based crack sensor is also developed. The novel FBG-based crack sensor (also named large FBG strain sensor) can detect 100,000με at maximum, just like 20mm crack at the calibration length of 20 centimeter, and the accuracy can reach 0.01 mm. The new kind of crack sensor is proper for high accuracy crack detection for long-term structural health monitoring of infrastructures.
KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber Bragg gratings, Resistance, Corrosion, Structural health monitoring, Structural design, Temperature metrology, Environmental sensing, Mechanics, Local area networks
Ice pressure is one of the most important loads in high-latitude area. It is challengeable to build a durable and stable real-time structural health monitoring system for ice-pressure under such aggressive environment as windiness, coldness, and even vibrating, which can not be met by strain gauge based sensors, whereas FBG fits it well due to its great advantage of corrosion resistance, absolute measurement, high accuracy, electro-magnetic resistance, quasi-distribution sensing, absolute measurement and so on. In this paper, a novel FBG based ice-pressure sensor has been developed. Firstly, in consideration of the monitoring of ice-pressure of offshore platform, a novel ice pressure sensor structure has been designed and it sensing principle is given in details, which theoretically shows the properties of temperature self-compensation and independence of the load position. And secondly, the properties of FBG-based ice-pressure sensor have been tested by experiments. Finally, theoretical sensitivity has been compared with that from experiments. The research results show that the FBG-based ice-pressure sensor has good linearity, repetition, immunity of temperature changes and loading position. Such kind of FBG-based ice-pressure sensor can be used to monitor ice load of offshore platform conveniently.
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