Stable arrangements of temporal solitons are reported for essentially every implementation of femtosecond fiber lasers. Their formation can be tracked with today’s real-time instrumentation. However, the underlying interaction mechanism frequently remained elusive and predictions of soliton separations in actual sources are often missing. Here, we present the experimental analysis of bound-state trajectories in a femtosecond Er:fiber laser and reveal the underlying universal coupling mechanism. We demonstrate all-electronic switching between two stable soliton molecules and the feasibility of tuning bound-state separations. The results are applicable to various ultrafast sources and may readily be adapted for generating femtosecond pulse pairs in spectroscopy and material processing.
Germanium is a nonpolar semiconductor with missing Reststrahlen band. In spite of other promising properties including low bandgap and small effective mass, its long, µs-scale recombination time has been prohibitive for applications as photoconductive THz emitters. Using Au-implantated Ge, with recombination times reduced to sub-ns values, we have demonstrated a broadband photoconductive THz emitter compatible with modelocked fibre lasers operating at wavelengths of 1.1 and 1.55 µm and with pulse repetition rates of 78 MHz. Reaching up to 70 THz bandwidth, this approach points towards the possibility of compact, high-bandwidth THz photonic devices compatible with Si CMOS technology.
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