Dr. Cyril Cervera Profile

Dr. Cyril Cervera

at CEA-LETI

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (21)

Proceedings Article | 7 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

III-V technology developments addressing a high operating temperature at LYNRED

N. Péré-Laperne, A. Brunner, G. Dagher, A. Saintoyant, N. Morisset, L. Rubaldo, J. Coussement, A. Evirgen, J-L. Reverchon, B. Simozrag, M. Garcia, B. Gérard, C. Cervera, O. Gravrand

Proceedings Volume 13046, 1304614 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3014159

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Modulation transfer functions, Mid-IR, Black bodies, Readout integrated circuits, Quantum noise, Image quality, Nonuniformity corrections, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2023 Presentation

Presentation

Ga-free superlattice nBn structure on Si (100): high performance MWIR Photodetector

Maxime Bouschet, Audrey Gilbert, Jean-Philippe Perez, Laurent Cerutti, Cyril Cervera, Olivier Gravrand, Anthony Ramiandrasoa, Isabelle Ribet, Nicolas Péré-Laperne, Philippe Christol, Jean-Baptiste Rodriguez, Eric Tournié

Proceedings Volume PC12430, PC124300O (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649675

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Semiconducting wafers, Readout integrated circuits, Silicon, Mid-IR, Superlattices, Photodetectors, Staring arrays, X-ray diffraction, Molecular beam epitaxy

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

Quantix and Intrapix: test benches dedicated to quantum efficiency measurement and intra-pixel response of detectors from VIS to LWIR

T. Pichon, A. Bounab, C. Cervera, C. Delisle, S. Derelle, D. Dubreuil, B. Horeau, E. Huard, C. Ketchazo, V. Moreau, P. Mulet, M. Lortholary, T. Orduna, L. Provost, S. Ronayette, O. Tellier, O. Boulade

Proceedings Volume 12191, 121912I (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630232

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Calibration, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Poster + Paper

LWIR quantum efficiency measurements using a calibrated MCT photodiode read by a cryo-HEMT-based amplifier

A. Bounab, O. Boulade, C. Cervera, X. de la Broïse, C. Delisle, Q. Dong, Y. Jin, A. Lamoure, L. Mathieu, V. Moreau, P. Mulet

Proceedings Volume 11454, 1145428 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561458

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Long wavelength infrared, Calibration, Amplifiers, Photodiodes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Detector arrays, Infrared detectors, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2018 Paper

Paper

Review of the development of 2k2 IR FPAs for astronomy and Space in Europe

G. Badano, C. Cervera, O. Gravrand, B. Fièque, A. Lamoure, O. Boulade, S. Mouzali

Proceedings Volume 10766, 107660H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323496

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Diodes, Capacitance, Mercury cadmium telluride, Astronomy, Short wave infrared radiation, Liquid phase epitaxy, Quantum efficiency, Doping

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

Discussion about photodiode architectures for space applications

O. Gravrand, G. Destefanis, C. Cervera, J.-P. Zanatta, N. Baier, A. Ferron, O. Boulade

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105632E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304266

KEYWORDS: Photodiodes, Diffusion, Doping, Mercury cadmium telluride, Quantum efficiency, Heterojunctions, Long wavelength infrared, Diodes, Astronomical imaging, Staring arrays

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Detection for space application is very demanding on the IR detector: all wavelengths, from visible-NIR (2- 3um cutoff) to LWIR (10-12.5um cutoff), even sometimes VLWIR (15um cutoff) may be of interest. Moreover, various scenarii are usually considered. Some are imaging applications where the focal plane array (FPA) is used as an optical element to sense an image. However, the FPA may also be used in spectrometric applications where light is triggered on the different pixels depending on its wavelength. In some cases, star pointing is another use of FPAs where the retina is used to sense the position of the satellite.

In all those configurations, we might distinguish several categories of applications:
• low flux applications where the FPA is staring at space and the detection occurs with only a few number of photons.
• high flux applications where the FPA is usually staring at the earth. In this case, the black body emission of the earth and its atmosphere ensures usually a large number of photons to perform the detection.

Those two different categories are highly dimensioning for the detector as it usually determines the level of dark current and quantum efficiency (QE) requirements. Indeed, high detection performance usually requires a large number of integrated photons such that high QE is needed for low flux applications, in order to limit the integration time as much as possible. Moreover, dark current requirement is also directly linked to the expected incoming flux, in order to limit as much as possible the SNR degradation due to dark charges vs photocharges. Note that in most cases, this dark current is highly depending on operating temperature which dominates detector consumption. A classical way to mitigate dark current is to cool down the detector to very low temperatures.

This paper won't discuss the need for wavefront sensing where the number of detected photons is low because of a very narrow integration window. Rigorously, this kind of configuration is a low flux application but the need for speed distinguishes it from other low flux applications as it usually requires a different ROIC architecture and a photodiode optimized for high response speed.

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

ROIC development at CEA for SWIR detectors: pixel circuit architecture and trade-offs

F. Guellec, O. Boulade, C. Cervera, V. Moreau, O. Gravrand, J. Rothman, J.-P. Zanatta

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105630K (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304212

KEYWORDS: Capacitance, Readout integrated circuits, Photodiodes, Sensors, Cadmium sulfide, Short wave infrared radiation, Optical amplifiers, Astronomical imaging, Avalanche photodetectors, Molybdenum

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

Development and characterisation of MCT detectors for space astrophysics at CEA

O. Boulade, N. Baier, P. Castelein, C. Cervera, P. Chorier, G. Destefanis, B. Fièque, O. Gravrand, F. Guellec, V. Moreau, P. Mulet, F. Pinsard, J.-P. Zanatta

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105631W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304252

KEYWORDS: Diodes, Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Liquid phase epitaxy, Standards development, Astrophysics, Photovoltaics, Diffusion, Epitaxy

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The Laboratoire Electronique et Traitement de l’Information (LETI) of the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA, Grenoble, France) has been involved in the development of infrared detectors based on HgCdTe (MCT) material for over 30 years, mainly for defence and security programs [1]. Once the building blocks are developed at LETI (MCT material process, diode technology, hybridization, …), the industrialization is performed at SOFRADIR (also in Grenoble, France) which also has its own R&D program [2].
In past years, LETI also developed infrared detectors for space astrophysics in the mid infrared range – the long wave detector of the ISOCAM camera onboard ISO – as well as in the far infrared range – the bolometer arrays of the Herschel/PACS photometer unit –, both instruments which were under the responsibility of the Astrophysics department of CEA (IRFU/SAp, Saclay, France).

Nowadays, the infrared detectors used in space and ground based astronomical instruments all come from vendors in the US. For programmatic reasons – increase the number of available vendors, decrease the cost, mitigate possible export regulations, …– as well as political ones – spend european money in Europe –, the European Space Agency (ESA) defined two roadmaps (one in the NIR-SWIR range, one in the MWIR-LWIR range) that will eventually allow for the procurement of infrared detectors for space astrophysics within Europe.
The French Space Agency (CNES) also started the same sort of roadmaps, as part of its contribution to the different space missions which involve delivery of instruments by French laboratories. It is important to note that some of the developments foreseen in these roadmaps also apply to Earth Observations.
One of the main goal of the ESA and CNES roadmaps is to reduce the level of dark current in MCT devices at all wavelengths. The objective is to use the detectors at the highest temperature where the noise induced by the dark current stays compatible with the photon noise, as the detector operating temperature has a very strong impact at system level. A consequence of reaching low levels of dark current is the need for very low noise readout circuits.

CEA and SOFRADIR are involved in a number of activities that have already started in this framework. CEA/LETI does the development of the photo-voltaic (PV) layers – MCT material growth, diode technologies–, as well as some electro-optical characterisation at wafer, diode and hybrid component levels, and CEA/IRFU/SAp does all the electro-optical characterisation involving very low flux measurements (mostly dark current measurements). Depending of the program, SOFRADIR can also participate in the development of the hybrid components, for instance the very low noise readout circuits (ROIC) can be developed either at SOFRADIR or at CEA/LETI.
Depending of the component specifications, the MCT epitaxy can be either liquid phase (LPE, which is the standard at SOFRADIR for production purposes) or molecular beam (MBE), the diode technology can be n/p (standard at LETI and SOFRADIR) or p/n (under development for several years now) [3], and the input stage of the ROIC can be Source Follower per Detector (SFD for very low flux low noise programs) or Capacitive Trans Impedance Amplifier (CTIA for intermediate flux programs) [4].

This paper will present the different developments and results obtained so far in the two NIR-SWIR and MWIR-LWIR spectral ranges, as well as the perspectives for the near future. CEA/LETI is also involved in the development of MCT Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) that will be discussed in other papers [5,6].

Proceedings Article | 25 September 2017 Open Access

Open Access

Paper

HgCdTe detectors for space and science imaging in France: general issues and latest achievements

O. Gravrand, J. Rothman, C. Cervera, N. Baier, C. Lobre, J. P. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau, B. Fieque

Proceedings Volume 10562, 1056240 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2296207

KEYWORDS: Diodes, Diffusion, Quantum efficiency, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Long wavelength infrared, Near infrared, Astronomy, Liquid phase epitaxy, Astronomical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Low dark current p-on-n technology for space applications

N. Péré-Laperne, N. Baier, C. Cervera, J. Santailler, C. Lobre, C. Cassillo, J. Berthoz, V. Destefanis, D. Sam Giao, A. Lamoure

Proceedings Volume 10404, 104040G (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275359

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Aerospace engineering, Mercury cadmium telluride, Infrared technology, Long wavelength infrared, Liquid phase epitaxy, Space operations, Staring arrays, Resistance, Mercury

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Proceedings Article | 27 January 2017 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

InAs/InAsSb superlattice structure tailored for detection of the full midwave infrared spectral domain

Q. Durlin, J. P. Perez, R. Rossignol, J. B. Rodriguez, L. Cerutti, B. Delacourt, J. Rothman, C. Cervera, P. Christol

Proceedings Volume 10111, 1011112 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2250908

KEYWORDS: Mid-IR, Stereolithography, Photodetectors, Sensors, Superlattices, Absorption, Indium arsenide, Antimony, Gallium antimonide, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Paper

Development activities on NIR large format MCT detectors for astrophysics and space science at CEA and SOFRADIR

Olivier Boulade, Vincent Moreau, Patrick Mulet, Olivier Gravrand, Cyril Cervera, Jean-Paul Zanatta, Pierre Castelein, Fabrice Guellec, Bruno Fièque, Philippe Chorier, Julien Roumegoux

Proceedings Volume 9915, 99150C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231295

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Diodes, Sensors, Manufacturing, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Capacitance, Staring arrays, Liquid phase epitaxy, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2016 Paper

Paper

Latest achievements on MCT IR detectors for space and science imaging

O. Gravrand, J. Rothman, P. Castelein, C. Cervera, N. Baier, C. Lobre, E. De Borniol, J. P. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau, B. Fieque, P. Chorier

Proceedings Volume 9819, 98191W (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228456

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Liquid phase epitaxy, Long wavelength infrared, Diodes, Diffusion, Staring arrays, Quantum efficiency, Readout integrated circuits, Mid-IR, Astronomy, Avalanche photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 11 June 2015 Paper

Paper

Low-dark current p-on-n MCT detector in long and very long-wavelength infrared

C. Cervera, N. Baier, O. Gravrand, L. Mollard, C. Lobre, G. Destefanis, J.P. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau

Proceedings Volume 9451, 945129 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179216

KEYWORDS: Liquid phase epitaxy, Diffusion, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Heterojunctions, Quantum efficiency, Photodiodes, Doping, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 21 January 2012 Paper

Paper

Comparison of the electro-optical performances of symmetrical and asymmetrical MWIR InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiodes

Isabelle Ribet-Mohamed, M. Tauvy, Rachid Taalat, Cyril Cervera, Jean-Baptiste Rodriguez, Philippe Christol

Proceedings Volume 8268, 826833 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.914455

KEYWORDS: Superlattices, Stereolithography, Mid-IR, Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Gallium antimonide, Photodiodes, Indium arsenide, PIN photodiodes, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 21 January 2012 Paper

Paper

Optimization of InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiode design for the high temperature operation in the midwave infrared range

P. Christol, R. Taalat, C. Maingue-Wilson, C. Cervera, H. Aït-Kaci, J. B. Rodriguez, I. Ribet-Mohamed

Proceedings Volume 8268, 82680T (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.905976

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Mid-IR, Diodes, Photodiodes, Gallium antimonide, Superlattices, Temperature metrology, Indium arsenide, PIN photodiodes, Diffusion

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2011 Paper

Paper

Performances analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiode

C. Cervera, R. Taalat, P. Christol, J. Rodriguez, K. Jaworowicz, I. Ribet-Mohamed, L. Konczewicz, S. Contreras

Proceedings Volume 8012, 801213 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.882133

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Diodes, Gallium antimonide, Mid-IR, Indium arsenide, Absorption, Temperature metrology, Diffusion, Superlattices, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2011 Paper

Paper

Noise performance analysis of MWIR InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiodes

Isabelle Ribet-Mohamed, Katarzyna Jaworowicz, David Tayibi, Cyril Cervera, Rachid Taalat, Jean-Baptiste Rodriguez, Philippe Christol

Proceedings Volume 8012, 80120Z (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.883794

KEYWORDS: Superlattices, Stereolithography, Sensors, Photodiodes, Mid-IR, PIN photodiodes, Quantum efficiency, Amplifiers, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 24 January 2011 Paper

Paper

Asymmetric InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiode to improve temperature operation

P. Christol, C. Cervera, J. B. Rodriguez, K. Jaworowicz, I. Ribet-Mohamed

Proceedings Volume 7945, 79451H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.869631

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Diodes, Gallium antimonide, Mid-IR, Indium arsenide, Photodiodes, Temperature metrology, Superlattices, Quantum efficiency, PIN photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2010 Paper

Paper

Dark current and noise measurements in InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors

Katarzyna Jaworowicz, Cyril Cervera, Olivier Gravrand, Jean-Baptiste Rodriguez, Philippe Christol, Isabelle Ribet-Mohamed

Proceedings Volume 7608, 76081T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.840016

KEYWORDS: Superlattices, Sensors, Stereolithography, Infrared detectors, Photodiodes, Gallium antimonide, Infrared radiation, Mid-IR, Indium arsenide, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2010 Paper

Paper

Electronic properties of InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors to evaluate high-temperature operation

P. Christol, C. Cervera, R. Chaghi, H. Aït-Kaci, J. B. Rodriguez, L. Konczewicz, S. Contreras, K. Jaworowicz, I. Ribet-Mohamed

Proceedings Volume 7608, 76081U (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.840853

KEYWORDS: Stereolithography, Gallium antimonide, Diodes, Temperature metrology, Mid-IR, Sensors, Photodiodes, Superlattices, Indium arsenide, Magnetism

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Showing 5 of 21 publications

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