Recently, we published our early results on laser microprinting of functional microelectronics (Nature Commun. 14, 1103 (2023)). Here, we report our progress beyond this work. First, we present a simplified photothermal print scheme – again without the need for post-processing. This scheme includes the purposeful choice of the printing substrate as well as new inks. Second, we present our early results on in-situ monitoring of the metal- and semiconductor-growth processes by time-resolving a weak co-focused reflected probe laser beam. Third, we discuss how the print parameters such as focus speed and laser power influence the morphology of the printed material.
We introduce direct laser printing of functional electronics composed of conductive (Pt and Ag) and semiconducting (ZnO) materials with minimum feature sizes well below 1 µm. Our proof-of-principle experiments include diodes, transistors, memristors, and memristor-crossbar circuits forming a physically unclonable function. We emphasize that no sintering or other post-processing steps are necessary; the focused laser performs the lateral/vertical structuring as well as the material sintering. We expect that our laser-printing technique can be extended to many other semiconductor materials. Moreover, it can be combined with ink-jet printing. Therefore, laser printing provides a promising avenue for digitally printed electronics.
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