In this paper a generic monolithic photonic integration technology platform and tunable laser devices for gas sensing applications at 2 μm will be presented. The basic set of long wavelength optical functions which is fundamental for a generic photonic integration approach is realized using planar, but-joint, active-passive integration on indium phosphide substrate with active components based on strained InGaAs quantum wells. Using this limited set of basic building blocks a novel geometry, widely tunable laser source was designed and fabricated within the first long wavelength multiproject wafer run. The fabricated laser operates around 2027 nm, covers a record tuning range of 31 nm and is successfully employed in absorption measurements of carbon dioxide. These results demonstrate a fully functional long wavelength photonic integrated circuit that operates at these wavelengths. Moreover, the process steps and material system used for the long wavelength technology are almost identical to the ones which are used in the technology process at 1.5μm which makes it straightforward and hassle-free to transfer to the photonic foundries with existing fabrication lines. The changes from the 1550 nm technology and the trade-offs made in the building block design and layer stack will be discussed.
Organic lasers offer the promise to build compact, inexpensive, broadly tunable solid-state lasers in the visible range,
with potential applications in spectroscopy, bio/chemo sensing or short-haul data telecommunications. Among existing
laser architectures of optically-pumped organic lasers, external-cavity resonators enable the highest conversion
efficiencies, excellent beam quality, power scalability and versatility due to the open cavity. Recently, we reported on an
open-cavity laser architecture using a thin film of dye-doped polymer as the gain medium, named Vertical External
Cavity Surface-emitting Organic Laser (VECSOL). The very high gain of organics make these lasers highly efficient
even for macroscopic cavities, even though the pulse buildup time must be short enough to fit within the gain time
window defined by the pump pulse duration and the fluorescence lifetime.
In this paper we analyze the laser turn-on dynamics of organic VECSELs. A simple theoretical framework is presented,
based on the Statz-DeMars coupled rate equations. Simulations are compared to the experimental pulse shapes of the
pump and laser beams, recorded with the same fast photodiode. We observe that the laser pulse is both shifted and
broadened with respect to the 0.5-ns-long pump pulse when the cavity length is increased, together with a drop of
efficiency. Efficiency curves are presented, showing a higher threshold and lower slope efficiency when the cavity length
increases, which is well accounted by the model. Finally, an optimized VECSOL is presented, with a 25 ns-pulsewidth
pump source, enabling reaching conversion efficiencies up to 61%.
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