Material deposition rate during device fabrication is known to influence film morphology. Using the archetypical phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PhOLED) hole transport material 4,4′-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl, the influence of the deposition rate on hole transport layer (HTL) morphology and its effect on the electroluminescence stability of PhOLEDs is investigated. Photoluminescence measurements show that films deposited at lower deposition rates tend to have a shorter exciton lifetime and a higher exciton stability. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that films deposited at various deposition rates develop different morphological features over time. More notably, films deposited at lower deposition rates exhibit increased surface roughness and the presence of larger crystalline regions when compared to their counterparts deposited at the higher rates when tested a few days after film deposition, indicating that the lower deposition rate leads to increased structural order in film morphology. We also found that using a lower deposition rate during HTL fabrication can lead to an increase in the electroluminescence stability of PhOLEDs. The increased stability can be attributed to the higher morphological or structural order and shorter exciton lifetime in them, hence a decreased susceptibility to exciton-induced degradation. These findings show direct correlations between material deposition rate, HTL morphology and PhOLED electroluminescence performance.
Although the promise of realizing lower cost fabrication by means of solution-based processing techniques, such as spin coating, web coating or inkjet printing, has been one key driver behind the interest in OLEDs for the last two decades, the lower stability of devices made by these techniques has been a long-standing issue. With recent advances in developing solution-processable small molecule materials, it is now possible to make OLEDs of the same small molecule materials by either solution coating or vacuum deposition. Despite this, there continues to be an intriguing stability gap. In this work, we investigate this phenomenon with the purpose of identifying its root causes. Photoluminescence, electroluminescence and delayed electroluminescence measurements are used to study and compare between the aging behaviour in OLEDs made by spin-coating versus vacuum-deposition. Hole-only devices are also utilized, and employed to study the effects of charges and excitons, separately and combined. The results reveal that solution-coated materials are more susceptible to degradation by excitons in comparison to their vacuum-deposited counterparts. Results also show that they are more susceptible to aggregation under electrical stress, and that interactions between excitons and polarons play a role in this phenomenon. Results from these investigations will be presented and discussed.
Although the promise of realizing lower cost fabrication by means of solution-based processing techniques, such as spin coating, web coating or inkjet printing, has been one key driver behind the interest in OLEDs for the last two decades, the lower stability of devices made by these techniques has been a long standing issue. With recent advances in developing solution-processable small molecule materials, it is now possible to make OLEDs of the same small molecule materials by either solution coating or vacuum deposition. Despite this, there continues to be an intriguing stability gap.
In this work, we investigate this phenomenon with the purpose of identifying its root causes. Electroluminescence, delayed electroluminescence and photoluminescence measurements are used to study and compare between the aging behavior in OLEDs made by spin-coating versus vacuum-deposition. Hole-only devices are also utilized, and employed to study the effects of charges and excitons, separately and combined. The results reveal that the faster degradation of solution-processed devices relative to their vacuum-deposited counterparts under electrical stress is due to a faster molecular aggregation process. Excitons and interactions between them and polarons appear to play a leading role in inducing this phenomenon. Results from these investigations will be presented and discussed.
KEYWORDS: Organic light emitting diodes, Luminous efficiency, Electrons, Energy transfer, Quantum wells, Excitons, Electroluminescence, Energy efficiency, Quantum efficiency, Electron transport
We fabricated highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by designing differing emitting layer structures with fluorescent host and dopant materials of 4,4-bis (2,2-diphenylyinyl)-1,10-biphenyl and 9,10-bis (2-naphthyl) anthracene as host materials and 4,4’-bis (9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1’biphenyl (BCzVBi) as a dopant material to demonstrate electrical and optical improvements. Best enhancement in luminance and luminous efficiency were achieved by a quantum well structure in device F with 8668 cd/m 2 at 8 V and 5.16 cd/A at 103.20 mA/cm 2 , respectively. Among the blue OLED devices doped by BCzVBi, device B emits the deepest blue emission with Commission Internationale de l’É clairage coordinates of (0.157, 0.117) at 8 V.
In this study, we fabricated highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes by designing different emitting layer
structures with fluorescent host and dopant materials of 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenylyinyl)-1,10-biphenyl (DPVBi) and 9,10-
bis(2-naphthyl) anthracene (ADN) as host materials and 4,4’-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1’biphenyl (BCzVBi) as a
dopant material to demonstrate electrical and optical improvements. Best enhancement in luminance and luminous
efficiency were achieved by a quantum well structure and energy transfer between host and dopant materials in device F
as of 8668cd/m2 at 8V and 5.16 Cd/A at 103.20 mA/cm2 respectively. Among the blue OLED devices doped by
BCzVBi, device B emits the deepest blue emission with Commission Internationale de l’E´ clairage (CIExy) coordinates
of (0.157, 0.117) at 8V.
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