Donald Lee, Peter Dreiske, Jon Ellsworth, Ryan Cottier, Annie Chen, Stephanie Tallaricao, Aristo Yulius, Michael Carmody, Eric Piquette, Majid Zandian, Sheri Douglas
In 2007, Teledyne presented and subsequently published an empirically derived formula, known as “Rule 07”, for the dark current performance of Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) P-on-n diodes. The Rule 07 metric has become widely popular within the infrared community, not only as a basis for predicting HgCdTe detector and system performance, but as the “number to beat” for other technologies, notably III-V nBn and strained-layer superlattice (SLS) devices. For materials that have sufficiently long recombination lifetimes, HgCdTe being one of the few such widely used materials, internal currents within the detector can be suppressed and the detector becomes limited by the background radiation from the surrounding environment. These currents can be orders of magnitude below Rule 07 and even further orders of magnitude below the Auger-limit. The ability to suppress Auger currents and operate at the radiative limit allows for significantly higher operating temperature and provides several significant advantages, including:
Reduced size, weight, power, cost, and improved reliability associated with reduced cooler requirements
Lower dark current when operating at conventional temperatures, permitting improved sensitivity from lower shot noise and longer achievable integration times
Because background radiatively-limited performance is both fundamental and physics-driven, in 2019 we proposed replacing Rule 07 with “Law 19” and provided a comparison of this fundamental limit with Rule 07. In this paper, we review the theoretical performance of Teledyne’s fully-depleted HgCdTe P-υ-N detectors and provide performance data on dark current, dynamic impedance and quantum efficiency (QE) for mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detectors both at high operating temperatures (up to 300K) and as a function of temperature
The detector system for the Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument is a 4×4 mosaic focal plane of 16 H2RG (2K×2K pixels) infrared Sensor Chip Assemblies (SCAs) and 16 SIDECAR ASIC Sensor Chip Electronics (SCE) modules. Teledyne has successfully completed the fabrication, testing, and delivery of 24 sciencegrade flight candidate SCAs to the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). These SCAs were made with Teledyne’s TRL-9 substrate-removed MBE mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) 2.3 μm cutoff detector material and low-noise H2RG CMOS readout chip. The SCAs are mounted on a buttable molybdenum package that enables close packing of the 16 flight SCAs in the NISP focal plane. In this paper, we present the test results of the 24 Euclid flight candidate SCAs. The key detector performance parameters that are critical to the NISP instrument are: high in-band quantum efficiency with good spatial uniformity, low readout noise, low dark current with tight distribution, low pixel crosstalk, low persistence, and good detector surface metrology profile. All 24 SCAs exceed the Euclid NISP performance and interface requirements. The additional acceptance testing at JPL and NASA Goddard’s Detector Characterization Lab has also been completed. 20 flight SCAs have been delivered to European Space Agency (ESA).
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