KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Mirrors, James Webb Space Telescope, Space operations, Mirror structures, Thermal modeling, Thermal efficiency, Space telescopes, Off axis mirrors, Infrared telescopes
Some concepts for a future large IR/O/UV space telescope include a James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) style sunshade for thermal stability. This will bias the telescope cold and complicate one key advantage that a 6m high-contrast imaging telescope could have: operating and testing at room temperature. Early concepts of LUVOIR-B, a segmented, off-axis 8-meter aperture concept developed the Large Mission Concept Study Teams, predict more than 5kW of heat would be needed to bring the telescope to operating temperature. These room-temperature telescopes invite configurations that could take more advantage of solar heating. This paper explores architecture options and identifies some technologies, their maturation requirements, and risks.
Launched on 2021 December 9, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a NASA Small Explorer Mission in collaboration with the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The mission will open a new window of investigation—imaging x-ray polarimetry. The observatory features three identical telescopes, each consisting of a mirror module assembly with a polarization-sensitive imaging x-ray detector at the focus. A coilable boom, deployed on orbit, provides the necessary 4-m focal length. The observatory utilizes a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft, which provides services such as power, attitude determination and control, commanding, and telemetry to the ground. During its 2-year baseline mission, IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry for samples of multiple categories of x-ray sources, with follow-on observations of selected targets.
Scheduled to launch in late 2021 the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a Small Explorer Mission designed to open up a new window of investigation -- X-ray polarimetry. The IXPE observatory features 3 identical telescope each consisting of a mirror module assembly with a polarization-sensitive imaging x-ray detector at its focus. An extending beam, deployed on orbit provides the necessary 4 m focal length. The payload sits atop a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft which among other things provides power, attitude determination and control, commanding, and telemetry to the ground. During its 2-year baseline mission, IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry for samples of multiple categories of x-ray sources, with follow-on observations of selected targets. IXPE is a partnership between NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI).
IXPE, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, is a NASA SMEX mission with an important contribution of ASI that will be launched with a Falcon 9 in 2021 and will reopen the window of X-ray polarimetry after more than 40 years. The payload features three identical telescopes each one hosting one light-weight X-ray mirror fabricated by MSFC and one detector unit with its in-orbit calibration system and the Gas Pixel Detector sensitive to imaging X-ray polarization fabricated by INAF/IAPS, INFN and OHB Italy. The focal length after boom deployment from ATK-Orbital is 4 m, while the spacecraft is being fabricated by Ball Aerospace. The sensitivity will be better than 5.5% in 300 ks for a 1E-11 erg/s/cm2 (half mCrab) in the energy band of 2-8 keV allowing for sensitive polarimetry of extended and point-like X-ray sources. The focal plane instrument is completed, calibrated and it is going to be delivered at MSFC. We will present the status of the mission at about one year from the launch.
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) will add polarization to the properties (time, energy, and position) observed in x-ray astronomy. A NASA Astrophysics Small Explorer (SMEX) in partnership with the Italian Space Agency (ASI), IXPE will measure the 2–8-keV polarization of a few dozen sources during the first 2 years following its 2021 launch. The IXPE Observatory includes three identical x-ray telescopes, each comprising a 4-m-focal-length (grazingincidence) mirror module assembly (MMA) and a polarization-sensitive (imaging) detector unit (DU), separated by a deployable optical bench. The Observatory’s Spacecraft provides typical subsystems (mechanical, structural, thermal, power, electrical, telecommunications, etc.), an attitude determination and control subsystem for 3-axis stabilized pointing, and a command and data handling subsystem communicating with the science instrument and the Spacecraft subsystems.
KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Data modeling, Complex systems, Mechanics, Aerospace engineering, System integration, Computer simulations, Actuators, In situ metrology, Mathematical modeling
A number of future space based science instruments key to NASA's Origins program require exceptionally large and precise support structures. The scale of these structures and stringency of their dimensional stability will present a number of challenges in the ground verification testing stage of their development and deployment. This paper will discuss a number of the unique challenges involved in developing validation procedures for these structures. It will also describe a novel approach to the development and validation of nonlinear component models of the structural mechanics. This "Component in the Loop" approach offers the ability to directly measure the in situ coupled behavior of a structural component as part of the ex situ component testing process. This testing methodology would allow the coupled system level response of the larger structure to be assessed without the need for assuming particular nonlinear component model forms. The proposed method is not limited to conducting virtual system tests. Feedback functions can be specifically designed to maximize the sensitivity of the output with respect to uncertain parameter(s). Maximum sensitivity is desired to accurately characterize the parameter in question, which is fundamental in model updating procedures.
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