The Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is the next generation earth observation project of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). GCOM concept will take over the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) and develop into long-term monitoring of global climate change. The GCOM observing system consists of two series of medium size satellites: GCOM-W (Water) and GCOM-C (Climate). The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on GCOM-C is a multi-band imaging radiometer with 19 spectral bands in the wavelength range of near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high-accuracy measurements of Ocean, Atmosphere, Land and Cryosphere. These data will be utilized for studies to understand the global climate change, especially human activity influence on earth environments.
SGLI is a suite of two radiometers called Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (VNR) and Infrared Scanner (IRS). VNR is a pushbroom-type radiometer with 13 spectral bands in 380nm to 865nm range. While having quite wide swath (1150km), instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of most bands is set to 250m comparing to GLI’s 1km requirement. Unique observation function of the VNR is along-track ±45deg tilting and polarization observation for 670nm and 865nm bands mainly to improve aerosol retrieval accuracy. IRS is a wiskbroom-type infrared radiometer that has 6 bands in 1μm to 12μm range. Swath and IFOV are 1400km and 250m to 1km, respectively.
This paper describes design and breadboarding activities of the SGLI instrument.
KEYWORDS: Remote sensing, Calibration, Radiometry, Spatial resolution, Space operations, Near infrared, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Systems modeling, Floods
The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (VNIR) is the remote sensing equipment which has 3 spectral bands and one along-track stereoscopic band radiometer. ASTER VNIR’s planned long life design (more than 5 years) is successfully achieved. ASTER VNIR has been imaging the World-wide Earth surface multiband images and the Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM). VNIR data create detailed world-wide maps and change-detection of the earth surface as utilization transitions and topographical changes. ASTER VNIR’s geometric resolution is 15 meters; it is the highest spatial resolution instrument on NASA’s Terra spacecraft. Then, ASTER VNIR was planned for the geometrical basis map makers in Terra instruments. After 15-years VNIR growth to the standard map-maker for space remote-sensing. This paper presents VNIR’s feature items during 15-year operation as change-detection images , DEM and calibration result. VNIR observed the World-wide Earth images for biological, climatological, geological, and hydrological study, those successful work shows a way on space remote sensing instruments. Still more, VNIR 15 years observation data trend and onboard calibration trend data show several guide or support to follow-on instruments.
The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is a multi-band
optical imaging radiometer in the wavelength range from near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high accuracy
measurements of Ocean, Atmosphere, Land and Cryosphere. SGLI project is in the last phase of Engineering Model
(EM) test to verify the overall sensor system performances. This paper presents outline of SGLI and EM test results,
especially about IRS.
The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is a multi-band
optical imaging radiometer in the wavelength range from near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high accuracy
measurements of Ocean, Atmosphere, Land and Cryosphere. SGLI will provide the global scale multi spectral data with
about 2 days frequency. The observation data over the land area is 250m resolution with more than 1000km swath, and
the ocean area in 1km resolution. SGLI also has a unique tilting data to realize the directional polarized observation with
red and near infrared wavelength. This paper describes the operation concept and current status of the SGLI instrument
development.
The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is a multi-band
imaging radiometer in the wavelength range of near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high accuracy
measurements of Ocean, Atmosphere, Land and Cryosphere. SGLI project successfully completed its Bread Board
Model (BBM) evaluation last year and currently under Engineering Model (EM) development phase. This paper
describes current development status of the SGLI instrument.
KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal processing, Calibration, Radiometry, Charge-coupled devices, Infrared radiation, Signal to noise ratio, Satellites, Thermography, Space telescopes
The Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) is the next generation earth observation project of Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency (JAXA). GCOM concept will take over the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) and
develop into long-term monitoring of global climate change. The observing system consists of two series of medium size
satellites: GCOM-W (Water) and GCOM-C (Climate). The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on GCOM-C is a
multi-band imaging radiometer in the wavelength range of near-UV to thermal infrared. SGLI will provide high accuracy
measurements of Land, Ocean, Atmosphere, and Cryosphere. This paper describes design and breadboarding activities of
the SGLI instrument.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has the plan of the Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM)
for monitoring global environmental change. Second generation Global Imager (SGLI) is a mission instrument to be
installed on the satellite of GCOM Mission Climate (GCOM-C) satellite. SGLI is the optical radiometer observed to
the frequent Global, Ocean, Land, Cloud and Ice sphere to help determine the Earth's climate change.
SGLI is a suite of two radiometers called VNR and IRS. The VNR is employing a wide swath (1150km) push-bloom
scan with line CCD detector. IRS is employing a conventional cross-track mirror scan system (1400km swath) with
cooled infrared detector.
We report the SGLI preliminary design and special feature. The current SGLI is BBM development phase which is
underway to confirm the feasibility of the design.
SHOWS is a satellite placed on the circular orbit with the inclination of 18Odeg and the radius of 20,320 km. Its mission is to take infrared imageries of clouds, similar to those taken from the present geo-stationary meteorological satellites. Although its distance to the earth' s surface is 40% of that of the geo-stationary orbit, it is well enough to view the earth as a whole. The radiometer scans the earth along the meridian including the sub-satellite point, and the instantaneous geometric field of view (IGFOV) at the sub-satellite point is a circle with the diameter of 4 km. The concept was derived from our experiences in the present world' s meteorological satellite system and is intended to complement the system by adding 2 such satellites, each placed opposite to the other relative to the earth. It can be launched from Japan by an H-IIA launch vehicle, with the initial injected orbit identical to the geo-stationary transfer orbit (GTO). The radiometer serves not only for the imaging mission but also for the high accuracy attitude determination, by optically sensing the earth's east and west horizons, and stars. The orbit is unexplored yet and poses a radiation concern. As much excess weight as available will be expended to shield semiconductors against the radiation. The sensor data will be sent to the earth with 30kbps. This very low data rate, together with the simple ground antenna mounted only on a single motor will facilitate the direct reception of data by users. A highly integrated data handling system using the Internet has also been conceived.
This paper reports the results of the preliminary design and testing of the Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) Bread-Board Model (BBM). PRISM is one of the major mission instruments to be installed on the Advanced Land Observing satellite (ALOS) which is expected to launch in early 2003 on a Japanese H-IIA vehicle. The PRISM system is designed to provide accurate data for making and updating maps on the 1/25,000 scale. That requires the PRISM system to be a high performance sensor with spatial resolution of 2.5 m and a wide swath of 70 km. To realize both capabilities, the optical system utilizes three-mirror, off axis anastigmatic designs with more than 28,000 detector elements which is realized by using multiple CCD senors. PRISM has three independent telescopes for stereoscopic imagery. These telescopes are arranged in order to obtain forward, nadir, and backward looking data. A set of three images is used for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) extraction. The current BBM phase of the project is underway to confirm the feasibility of the design. At the same time, the preliminary design is being used to understand the functions and characteristics of entire PRISM system.
As a part of the Earth observing system (EOS) cross- calibration activities before the first flight (denoted AM- 1), a radiometric measurement comparison was held in February 1995 at the NEC Corporation in Yokohama, Japan, Researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center, and the National Research Laboratory of Metrology (NRLM) used their portable radiometers to measure the spectral radiance of the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) visible/near-infrared (VNIR) integrating sphere at three radiance levels. The levels each correspond to 83% of the maximum radiance that is expected to be measured using the three VNIR bands of the EOS ASTER instrument, which are centered at 0.56 micrometer, 0.66 micrometer, and 0.81 micrometer. These bands are referred to as bands 1, 2, and 3. The average of the measurements of the four radiometers was between 1% and approximately 1.5% higher for all three bands when compared to the NEC calibration of the sphere. A comparison of the measurements from the participating radiometers resulted in good agreement. These results are encouraging and will be followed by extension to other EOS AM-1 instrument calibration sources.
This paper presents the preliminary design results of the visible and near-infrared radiometer (VNIR) of the ASTER instrument for the EOS-AM1 program. The VNIR is a spaceborne radiometer employing push broom scanning with 5,000 element CCD sensors. The VNIR provides image data with high spatial resolution of 15 X 15 m, and has the pointing capability of +/- 24 deg in the cross-track direction to obtain a wide swath. The VNIR also provides stereoscopic image data in band 3 (0.76 - 0.86 micrometers ) with nadir- and backward- looking telescopes for topographical studies and mapping of the earth.
Optical sensor system capable of acquiring earth image data in visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared region in 7 spectral bands, with spatial resolution of 18 x 24 m is described. In the near infrared band it provides stereoscopic images on the same orbit. In the shortwave-infrared region of 1.5-2.4 um it operates in the range of 4 bands to identify minerals and rocks.
Preliminary design and basic performance of the VNIR and CSP subsystems of the ASTER instrument for the EOS-A platform is discussed. The VNIR is characterized by the high spatial resolution of 15 x 15 m and stereoscopic imaging in the 0.76-0.86 micron band. It corrects the geometric aberration caused by the rotation of the earth and calibrates the radiometer with the halogen lamps on orbit. The CSP is based on a signal processor which multiplexes system telemetry for image data, packetizes image data in CCSDS format, converts parallel signals into serial, and controls output to EOS-A transfer frame generator.
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